立法中的多元協商與風險分配

Pluralistic Consultation and Risk Allocation in Legislation

通過專門立法對病人自主權利進行保護是世界共識及近期潮流。我國臺灣地區“病人自主權利法＂是該地區應對風險社會在病人自主權利系統保護上的最新成果，通過對規範體例與調整範圍、專業知識表達、規範授權與社會適應、相關方權利義務界定這四方面的規定，實現了風險在利益相關方之間的分配。該規定第十四條的制定過程是利益相關者依靠規範制定程序進行多元協商和法律議論實現風險分配的典型代表。目前，中國大陸病人自主權利立法保護處於初級階段，因此總結借鑒我國臺灣地區的經驗教訓具有意義。未來中國大陸相關立法除了可從立法內容與技術上進行學習外，還應批判地借鑒臺灣地區相關經驗，構建適合中國大陸情況的公平立法程序，提供充分的法律議論空間，防範立法中的利益割據和風險分配不公。

It is a global trend to provide legal protection for patient autonomy rights. Patient Autonomy Rights Act of Taiwan region is one of the latest result to patient autonomy rights' protection in a risk society. Through the regulations on legal adjustment scope and style, expertise's legal expression, legal authority and social adaptation as well as rights and obligations definition, the Act implements the allocation of risk among stakeholders. The legislative process of Article XIV is a typical example which reflects how the legislation participants involve in pluralistic consultation and legal discussion to achieve risk allocation. As mainland China's patient autonomy rights legislation is still in its infancy, the legislative experience from Taiwan region is inspiring. In addition to learning from the content and skills of legislation, China needs to construct fair legislative procedure which is suitable for mainland's situation and provide adequate space for legal discussion, so as to avoid unfair allocation of benefits and risks in legislation.