《立法法》修改後地方立法體制發展的前景

Prospects for the Development of Local Legislation Regime after the Revision of the Legislation Law

我國現行立法體制整體上適應改革開放以來我國經濟社會發展的需求，同時需隨時代發展而發展。《全國人民代表大會關於修改〈中華人民共和國立法法〉的決定》適應了經濟社會發展和改革不斷深化的要求，推進了我國立法體制的完善。《立法法》的修改將對我國地方立法體制的發展產生積極影響，即呈現出更加科學、民主、開放、多元，的發展走向。從前景看，首先，我國地方立法體制的發展需要堅持黨的領導並完善黨領導立法的體制，通過一定層級以上的地方黨委集體領導立法，按照《中共中央關於加強黨領導立法工作的意見》的要求堅持依法依規領導立法；其次，發揮地方人大主導立法的作用，加強有立法權的各級人民代表大會立法，明確在有不同立法意見的情況下應是人大的意見佔據主導，並明晰各級人大和同級政府的立法權限邊界；再次，賦予設區的市立法權，需在堅持地方立法“不抵觸、有特色、可操作＂三原則基礎上，加強立法監督；複次，需要完善授權立法；最後，《立法法》的修改為發揮地方立法在重點領域的引領和推動作用，提供了體制上更為廣闊的空間和制度支持，也需因地制宜地推進地方重點領域立法。

China's current legislative regime as a whole evolves and adapts to the needs of China's economic and social development since the reform and opening up. 'The Decision of the National People's Congress on Amending the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China' has met the demands of deepening economic and social development and reform, and improved China's legislative regime. The revision of the Legislation Law will positively impact on the development of China's local legislative regime, that is, a more scientific, democratic, open and pluralistic development trend. In terms of the future, firstly, the development of China's local legislative regime needs to uphold and improve the system of the CCP's leadership in legislation. Secondly, the local people's congresses should play the leading role in legislation, and strengthen the local legislation at all levels. The people's congresses should take the lead when there are different legislative opinions. The legislative authority boundaries of the people's congresses at all levels and the governments at the same level should be clarified. Thirdly, we should insist on the principle of 'non-contradictory, distinctive and operable', and strengthen the supervision of local legislation made by the legislature of districted cities. Fourthly, the authorized legislation needs to be improved. Finally, the amendment of the Legislation Law provides a broader institutional possibility and support for local legislation to play a leading and promoting role in the priority areas, and we need to promote the legislation in these areas according to local conditions.