立法協商機制及其改革：基於廣東經驗的實證調研

Legislative Consultation Mechanism and Its Reform: An Empirical Study on Guangdong Experience

立法協商機制是保障立法活動規範有效的一種工作機制，也是協商民主制度的一種形式。在“四個全面＂戰略佈局下進一步提出加強立法協商，具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義。廣東立法實踐經驗表明，注重通過立法調研、法規多元化起草、發揮人大常委會委員及人大代表主體作用、立法聽證與立法論證、廣泛徵求法規草案意見、立法前和立法後評估進行立法協商，立法協商工作整體呈現從自發協商到自覺協商、從局部協商到全面協商、從形式單一協商到形式多樣協商、從程序式協商到務實性協商的轉變。當然，也存在專題協商少、互動式討論協商少、利用新媒體方式協商少、規範性協商少、回饋協商意見少等不足。為此，可按照“一個原則、五個機制＂的基本思路進一步完善立法協商機制：一是堅持立法協商的政治性，牢牢把握黨領導立法的根本原則；二是堅持立法協商的主導性，完善人大開展立法協商的主導機制；二是堅持立法協商對象的廣泛性，完善公眾在立法協商中的參與機制；四是堅持立法協商內容的公平性，完善重大利益調整的論證諮詢機制；五是堅持立法協商方式的多樣性，完善立法機關與社會公眾的溝通機制；六是堅持立法協商成果運用的實效性，完善意見採納運用回饋機制。

Legislative consultation mechanism is a working mechanism to guarantee legislative activities to be effective. Under the background of the strategic layout of Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, it has great realistic significance and far-reaching historical significance to further strengthen legislative consultation. The local legislative practices in Guangdong have made a series of explorations on the legislative consultation and have already made some achievements. Nevertheless, there are still some deficiencies. Suggestions for further improving the legislative consultation mechanism can be summarized as 'one principle and five mechanisms'. Firstly, we should insist the political nature of legislative consultations, and firmly grasp the fundamental principle that the CCP take the lead in lawmaking process. Secondly, we should adhere to the leading-role of the People's Congress in legislative consultation, and improve the relevant mechanisms. Thirdly, we should insist the extensive public participation in the legislation process, and improve the relevant mechanisms. Fourthly, we should insist the fairness of the contents of the legislation consultation, and improve the relevant consultation and argumentation mechanisms concerning major interest adjustment. Fifthly, we should insist the diversity of legislative consultation mode, and improve the communication mechanism between the legislature and the public. Finally, we should insist effective application of the achievements of the legislative consultation, and improve the feedback mechanism concerning adoption of opinions.