國小學童生活型態與體位之相關研究

A Study of the Relationship between Elementary School Students’ Life Style and BMI Abnormality

現階段的孩童，由於少子化造成家長過於保護，無形中減少了許多讓孩子活動的機會；如果加上從小飲食習慣不良，將導致慢性疾病提早到來，嚴重威脅其健康。本研究主要討論苗栗縣國小學童生活型態與體位之相關研究。以苗栗縣國小103學年度應屆畢業學生為研究母群體，採分層比例隨機抽樣方式。利用自編結構式問卷進行資料蒐集，取得有效問卷358份，回收率為88.7%。以SPSS套裝統計軟體進行描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、徑路模式分析等方法進行分析。本研究主要的發現有：學童的生活型態皆屬正向，其中學童的生活型態與父母的運動習慣及父母從事休閒活動類型有顯著相關，除飲食習慣外，運動與休閒行為、體重控制態度、體重控制行為皆為體位之觀察指標。透過研究發現建議立法將垃圾食品廣告管理規範列入相關的廣播電視廣告製播標準，降低兒童接收此類廣告的機會、加強學生運動與休閒的型態，減少其靜態休閒的時間、落實健康教育，建立學校與家庭共同努力的模式。

Currently, due to decreasing number in birth rate, parents have the tendency to overprotect their children; unknowingly hindering children’s chance to be active. Compounding with the factors of bad eating habit, chronic diseases started to affect our children at a much younger age and threaten their health. This research studied the relationship between elementary school students’ life style and their BMI abnormality. The study subjects were six graders of Gongguan Elementary School in Miaoli County and the data were collected by means of stratified-cluster random sampling. Using self-designed structural questionnaires, 358 effective questionnaires were collected and the retrieval rate was 88.7 %. The SPSS analysis software system was employed to run descriptive statistic, one-way ANOVA, and Path Analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows: the students’ life style is positive; the students’ life style is affected significantly by their parent’s exercise habit and the types of activity parents enjoyed during their leisure time. The key observation factors of BMI abnormality, in addition to the students’ eating habit, including the following: excise and leisure activities, attitude toward BMI management, and actions toward BMI management. Through the findings, we strongly urge the NCC to implement a regulation regarding junk food commercial supervision on TV; to lower the exposure rate of junk food commercial to children; to encourage students to exercise and expend their leisure activities; to reduce the length of static activities; to implement health education effectively; to build a feasible model for school and parents to work together.