海運軸輻路網轉運航線之研究

Study of Maritime Hub-and-Spoke Transferring Lines

本研究針對軸輻路網模式與架構進行轉運模式之探討，並以各港口直接作為起迄港口進行運送來求解，結果求得總成本為357,150美元，但無法處理轉運貨櫃，因此本研究再進行增加轉運港口之求解容量，分別於轉運港口增加本區之總貨櫃量5,130個貨櫃，求解結果與各港口為起迄港口時之貨櫃運送量相同，顯見當運送需求分散於各起迄港口時，轉運模式並無法發揮應有之功能。因此本研究再進行軸輻港模式探討，二個轉運港口只能運送至軸輻港，經求解結果，總成本微幅增加為459,160美元，但其中二個轉運港口仍會有互相運送轉運貨櫃之情況，與軸輻港口之操作模式不太相符；因此本研究即以二個轉運港口之轉運貨櫃量加入軸輻港之供給量及需求量，依此再進行轉運模式求解，最後求解結果，總成本大幅增加為1,131,950美元，但此總成本偏高，因此本研究針對船速固定下最大利潤與船型之關係，求得軸輻港改用大型船舶之成本，當原使用船型為2500TEU改用更大型船舶時，其成本最多可以降低至44.37%；當原使用船型為5000TEU改用更大型船舶時，其成本最多可以降低至69.75%；當原使用船型為7500TEU改用更大型船舶時，其成本最多可以降低至86.34%，足以證明海運轉運規劃軸輻航線時仍應配合在軸輻港之間使用較大型之船舶，以利運輸成本之降低。

In this study, the hub-and-spoke network model and architecture are evaluated, the total cost of $ 357,150 for each port shipping directly, which cann’t handle transshipment containers. We assign the total amount of container in the area of 5,130 containers to transfer port, the output is the same. Therefore, we focus the hub-and-spoke model, which requires two transfer ports only be shipped to hub-and-spoke port, the total cost of $ 459,160, but there are transshipment of containers between two transfer ports. In this study, we assign the amount of transferring containers between two transfer ports two transit ports to supply and demand of hub-and-spoke port As a result, has higher cost of $ 1,131,950, when the larger vessels was substituted for 2500TEU, the costs can be reduced to 44.37%, the larger vessels was substituted for 5000TEU, the cost can be reduced to 69.75%; the larger vessels was substituted for 7500TEU, the cost can be reduced to 86.34%, which is sufficient to prove the use of larger vessels in hub-and-spoke planning for the benefit of reducing the cost.