文人視野下的關公信仰──以清代張鎮《關帝志》為例

The Intelligentsia's Vision of the Folk Religion of Guan-Gong God

本文以清人張鎮（？─1756─？）編撰的《關帝志》為例，從其編輯體例與各卷文章內容，了解這類圖誌的特性，及其在關公信仰上的意義。《關帝志》凡四卷，總約三百頁，乾隆二十一年刊本，中央研究院史語所有此善本。《關帝志》大致涵蓋關公圖像、傳記、祀典、古蹟、傳說與屬於文史著作的考辨、論評、詩文。值得注意的是，其中提及古蹟與靈異部份較少，而文人的議論題記較多，務求「真實」、「可信」，以發揚關公的人格精神；和民間善書強調聖蹟靈驗的態度不同，頗能代表文人視野下的關公信仰。總結而言，《關帝志》中，關公的聖人、英雄形象是濃厚的，宗教上的「聖帝」形象則較淡薄。

This paper discussed the contents of Guan-Di-Chi which edited by Chang Chen ( ?-1756-?). It tried to analyze the characters of this book that collected pictures and stories of Guan-Gong God. It also tried to analyze the meanings of the folk religion of Guan-Gong God. Guan-Di-Chi contained 4 chapters, totally 300papges, published in 1756 and now preserved in the Fu Ssu-nieu Library. Guan-Di-Chi mainly contained Guan-Gong's pictures, biography, ceremonies, antiquity, legends and compositions of historic research, criticism, poetry and prose. It was strengthened to be reasonable and believable in order to add glory to Guan-Gong's sprit. That's very different from folk books and records of Guan-Gong's legends. Those books usually emphasize the myths of Guan-Gong. But the intelligentsia didn't do that. They respected Guan-Gong as a saint, a hero, not a god.