錢穆先生的經學

Chien Mu's Chinese Classical Studie

本文主要敘述錢穆對傳統儒家經典的看法。錢先生論《周易》，以為〈十翼〉非孔子作；論《尚書》中的「誥」，以為比〈堯典〉的時代還早；論《詩經》時，以為周人起先居於汾水流域，後來才遷到陜西；論《周禮》之時代時，以為該書是戰國時代的作品；錢先生有關《四書》的著作最多，也常勸人讀《論語》。關於經學史的問題，錢先生以為漢代是今、古學之爭，而不是今古文之爭。另外、本文也將錢先生研究朱熹、姚際恒、閻若璩等經學家的成果作扼要敘述。本文可說是錢先生經學著作的導讀。

This article is a study of Chien Mu's (錢穆) commentaries on traditional Confucian classics. In Mr. Chien's reading of Zhouyi 《周易》, he argued that 'Shiyi'〈十翼〉was not written by Confucius himself. He explained that the 'gao' 「誥」in Shangshu 《尚書》came up earlier than the age of 'Yaodian'〈堯典〉. In examining Shijing《詩經》, he analyzed that Zhou people lived in the Fen River (汾水) valley originally, then moved to Shanxi (陜西). According to Mr. Chien's opinion, zhouli 《周禮》was written in the Warring States Period (Zhanguo 戰國). Among Mr. Chien's works on traditional classics, he explored the Four books《四書》the most. He also advised people frequently to read Lunyu 《論語》. In terms of the history of classical studies of Han dynasty, he thought that it was an argument between jinxue(今學) and guxue (古學), instead of a disagreement between 'Old text' (guwen 古文) and 'New Text' (jinwen 今文). Moreover, I also summarize Mr. Chiens's study of confucians such as Zhu Xi (朱熹), Yao Jiheng (姚際恒), and Yan Ruoqu (閻若璩). This research is an introduction to Mr. Chien Mu's works on Chinese classical studies.