論荀子之名學與孔子學說之思想關聯——一種思想史之考察

On the Relationship between Hsün Tzu's Theory of Names and Confucius' Doctrin

在先秦時期，除了名家和墨家之外，在名學研究方面，其成就最大的當屬荀子。荀子對於先秦名學之主要貢獻是進一步批判和發展名家和墨辯之名學思想，使儒家之正名思想更加嚴謹，且更充分地繼承並發展孔子之名學。由此可知，荀子之名學在先秦名學發展中具有重要之地位。然而，歷年來有關荀子之研究多著眼於其心、性、天、禮等之探討，而疏於抉發其名學之義蘊。直到近年來，國內、外學界始注意及荀子名學之探究。唯中、外學者雖然對於荀子名學之研究已有相當之成績，然而，對於荀子之名學與孔子學說之前後相承和發展關係等問題，學者則多未有明確而詳實之探討，凡此，足以影響吾人對於荀子之名學在先秦思想史上之意義之正確理解與把握。因此，本文旨在透過對於荀子名學之研究，來抉發荀子之名學與孔子學說之思想關聯，以彰顯其在先秦思想史上之意義。

During the Pre-Ch'in period, except for the School of Names (Ming-chia) and Mohist School (Mo-chia), the most important figure in the study of the theory of names was Hsün Tzu. Hsün Tzu's major contribution to the theory of names in the Pre-Ch'in times was to criticize and further develop the Ming-chia's and Mo-chia's theories of names as well as to inherit and develop sufficiently Confucius' doctrine of rectifying names. Judging from this, Hsün Tzu's thought of rectifying names has played a very important role in the development of the theory of names during the Pre-Ch'in period. However, for centuries scholars in the study of Hsün Tzu did not explore his theory of names, but mostly emphasized to study such ideas as mind, human nature, heaven and propriety. Both Chinese and foreign scholars did not pay much attention to the study of Hsün Tzu's theory of names until recent years. Although scholars have made contributions to the study of Hsün Tzu's theory of names, they did not explore manifestly and detailedly such questions as how Hsün Tzu's theory of names inherited and developed the doctrine of Confucius. Hence, if we could not solve the problems mentioned above, we might not comprehend properly the meaning of Hsün Tzu's theory of names in the Pre-Ch'in intellectual history. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to explore thoroughly the contents of Hsün Tzu's theory of names in order to explore the relationship between Hsün Tzu's theory of names and the doctrine of Confucius, and in turn, to manifest its significance in the Pre-Ch'in intellectual history.