論「別」的形態變化及語法化

On the Morphological Derivation and Grammaticalization of the Word Bie 別

本文結合文獻資料和方言語料，論「別」的清濁別義、四聲別義以及語法化現象。內容包括（一）根據「別」、「 」的音義關係，論證「 」乃是由「別」透過四聲別義滋生的同族詞。（二）說明「別」的清濁別義主要在區分他動和自動之異，「別清」、「別濁」各自循其引申之途，產生了多種用法，最後並各自虛化為不同的副詞。（三）探討「識知」義動詞「別清」的語法化歷程。這個「別清」原本後接名詞性賓語，後來也擴大可接動詞性賓語。賓語的擴大，使「別清」與後面的動詞並排出現。這樣的句法結構使語義焦點後移，終使「別清」退居為次要的修飾語而虛化為副詞。本文並通過音韻層次的探討，論證「另卑」與閩南語表示「分開」的 pɤ2/pue2/pe2 具有同源關係。此外也指出閩南語表示「分辨」的pat4 以及表示「另外」的 pat8 反映了「別」的清濁兩讀，來自魏晉時期。最後並根據閩南語料，論證「識知」義動詞「別清」如何虛化為副詞。

The present article studies the morphological derivation and grammaticalization of the word bie 別. It reveals that bie 別 attained bi 另卑as its derived form through the process of tonal change. It moreover shows that, through voicing/devoicing alternation, bie 別 derived the transitive and intransitive forms bie-*p 別清 and bie-*b 別濁, which became adverbs by following processes of grammaticalization. Thus, the voiceless bie 別清, which originally bore the meaning of “to know” was grammaticalized as an adverb through a serial process of construction expansion and focus shifting. This article clarifies, furthermore, the cognate relationship of bi 另卑and its Southern Min counterparts pɤ2/pue2/pe2. The chronological stratification of Southern Min pat4 and pat8 is discussed as well.