墜入魔道的古音學家──論龍為霖《本韻一得》及其音學思想

An Archaic Chinese Phonologist Gone Astray: On Weilin Long’s Benyun Yide 《本韻一得》 and His Thought of Music Temperament

龍為霖（1689-1756）《本韻一得》主張「韻學」與「樂律」同源—均出自天地元聲，承襲著邵雍《皇極經世》的易數思想，強調無論是韻部歸併或韻圖設計，都必須與樂律之理數相符。此種主觀意識極為強烈的韻學論著，恰與當前「語音史」研究強調客觀理性的思維相悖離，趙蔭棠（1957：259）曾嚴詞批判《本韻一得》，云：「至巴郡之龍為霖，寧國之周贇，乃墜入魔道者也。」然則，文本詮釋有多種可能的面向，「語音史」的觀點只是韻圖詮釋的眾多門徑之一，倘若切換觀看的視角，改從「音韻學史」或「音韻思想史」的角度著眼，《本韻一得》實有其不容忽視的研究價值。本文以《本韻一得》為研究對象，旨在探究龍為霖的音學思想與設計理念，及其如何獨闢蹊徑、另創新說，除了留意「語音史」、「音韻學史」兩個面向之外，更試著引入「音韻思想史」的視角，試著思索以下問題：龍為霖的音學思想及其來源為何？龍氏如何設計各式韻圖？如何透過韻圖闡釋古音通轉之理？如何以韻圖兼容古今音系呢？冀望透過本文能將「音韻思想史」與「音韻學史」、「語音史」相互連通，重新估量如《本韻一得》這類被「語音史」研究者捨棄的文獻，並試著賦予新的研究意義與價值。

Weilin Long 龍為霖 (1689-1756) in his Benyun Yide 《本韻一得》 advocates that both phonology and music temperament come from ‘the primary sound’, inheriting Yong Shao’s 邵雍numeral system of Yi in Huangji Jingshi 《皇極經世》. Long highlights that both the integration of rhyme groups and the design of rhyme tables should correspond to the principles of music temperament. Long’s subjective phonological argument is opposed to the contemporary research of the history of phonology that emphasizes objective and rational notions. Yintang Zhao 趙蔭棠 (1957: 259) once said that Long, like Yun Zhou 周贇, had gone astray and was falling into the path of devils. The perspective from the history of phonology serves only as one of the numerous approaches in interpreting the rhyme tables. Benyun Yide deserves its undeniable research values if we proceed from the perspective of the history of phonology or that of the history of phonological thoughts. This paper analyzes the phonological thoughts and the design theory of Long’s Benyun Yide. In addition to exploring the dimensions from the history of phonology and the Chinese phonological history, the author also introduces the perspective of the history of phonological thoughts into the discussion. The problems tackled in this paper are: What are the sources of Long’s thought of phonology? How did Long design the rhyme tables? How can we use the rhyme tables to interpret the principle of the tongzhuan 通轉of the archaic Chinese? How can we integrate the rhyme tables with phonological systems of the past and the present? The paper aims to build the bridge among the history of phonological thoughts, the history of phonology and the Chinese phonological history. In this way, we re-evaluate the research value of Benyun Yide, which has been undervalued by phonological researchers.