元好問杜詩學探析

Yuan Haowen’s Exploration of Du Fu’s Poetry

杜甫在詩歌創作上對元好問的影響已為歷來論者所關注，傳統論者以元好問詩詞中大量引錄杜句，以及元好問詩中紀史內容、雄放風格等三方面來說明二者關係。本文認為，元好問才力雄傑，其杜詩學除上述三者外，應另有深刻的意涵。以時代而論，南宋杜詩學鼎盛，然同時北地卻相對蕭條，僅元好問一家編著《杜詩學》，然此書不僅顯示了南北學術交流的實況，遺山亦於引文中提出對當時注杜的不滿與反省，他認為讀者追求的應是領會詩人遙深悟境，並非漫談字詞出處等表面手段和任意附會妄言詩旨，這顯然是對宋金以來整體詩歌創作與批評風潮的重省。除此之外，本文嘗試從實際文本的承繼關係來觀察並解釋杜甫對於遺山作品所產生的影響作用，並對遺山〈論詩絕句〉中「少陵自有連城璧」所思考的問題與針砭之現象提出解釋。元好問認為杜甫之最有價值者，並非某一種類型的風格或技巧，而是以自身才力及詩人精神重塑傳統，並因此建構文學史的新價值體系，而這也是遺山文學事業所嚮往的終極成就。

The influence of Du Fu’s poetry on Yuan Haowen (also known as “Yi Shan”) has long been noted by critics. Traditional critics cite the large amount of quotations from Du Fu that are present in Yuan’s poetry, as well as his poems’ historic content and forceful and unconstrained style to illustrate the relationship between the two poets. While accepting the influence of the above three aspects of Du Fu’s poetry, this article also recognizes Yuan Haowen’s individual outstanding talent. In Yuan Haowen’s time, the Southern area of China under the Song Dynasty was at the height of its power and splendor; however, northern China was facing recession and bleak economic times. Yuan Haowen was the only person to make a compilation of Du Fu’s poetry. These books not only revealed how academic exchange occurred between the north and the south, but also highlighted Yuan’s dissatisfaction with the attention paid to Du Fu’s poetry at that time. Yi Shan believed that readers should search for the deeper and more complex meanings in poetry in order to understand the real message, rather than conducting a meandering investigation of words, terms and sources which focus on the exterior medium, thereby arbitrarily drawing conclusions by assuming the meaning of the poem merely from its words. This obviously created a wave of unrest as this style of criticism totally departed from that of the Song and Jin Dynasties. This article also will attempt to explain, using observations concerning “hypertextuality”, the influence of Du Fu on Yi Shan’s work. In particular, it will elucidate the sentence “Shaoling ziyou lianchengbi” 少陵自有連城璧 in Yi Shan’s “A Poetical Discourse of Quatrains.” Yuan Haowen believed that Du Fu’s most valuable contribution to poetry was not his particular style or technique, but the use of his talent and poetic spirit to model a new poetic tradition, and consequently to construct a new value system of philosophy and history. This ultimate achievement was also what Yi Shan aspired to for his own literary career.