論朱子《詩集傳》對二〈南〉修齊治平之道的開展

A Discussion of Zhu Xi’s Commentaries of “Zhou Nan” and “Zhao Nan” in Collected Commentaries on the Book of Songs Regarding the Development of “Practice Self Cultivation, Govern the Family, Run the Country Well, and Conquer the World”

朱子學術體系之開展乃依《大學》作為綱領，而他對於《詩經》中二〈南〉詩篇的詮釋更是依此脈絡開展，將之建立為文王實現王道政治的理想過程。此文便依《大學》條目後半部「修身、齊家、治國、平天下」的綱領，再次檢視朱子對二〈南〉各詩篇的詮釋內涵，詳細分析各詩篇所代表的指標，並將二〈南〉詩篇互相參照，從而得出朱子確實刻意將「修齊治平」的過程套用在對二〈南〉的解釋，以由此建立他以文王為教化之本的詮釋。

The development of Zhu Xi’s system of learning relied on the eight clauses and subclauses of the Great Learning as guiding principles. His interpretation of the two “Nan” collections of poems in The Book of Songs followed this context, and it was established as the ideal course that King Wen followed to achieve benevolent-rule politics. This article examines Zhu Xi’s interpretation of every poem in the two “Nan” in the context of the second half of the Great Learning’s clauses and subclauses – “First cultivate yourself, then bring order to your family, after which govern your people well and then rule the world,” to analyze the norm that each represented. By comparing the poems in the two “Nan,” one can conclude that Zhu Xi deliberately applied the process of “practice self cultivation, govern one’s family, run the country well, and conquer the world” to his commentaries of the two “Nan,” so as to establish his interpretation that King Wen is the exemplary basis for moralizing and teaching.