對國際災難事件的醫療援助－－從公部門角度思考

Humanitarian Health Actions for a Large-scale Disaster-The Viewpoint of the Public Authority

國際社會經歷多場大型天然災難後的混亂救災經驗，目前已建立一套國際醫療救援的標準作業流程。從此次2015年尼泊爾震災的實地評估與觀摩，深覺台灣公部門應對國際災難醫療援助的現有組織架構與運作模式有一整體性的了解，進而思索出一套我們對應類似事件的政策方針與實施步驟。因此本文就聯合國之整合性災難援助體系與醫療援助運作架構、各國常態運作之醫療類國際非政府組織、台灣現有之非政府組織醫療援助團體、台灣公立醫院與民間組織的能量整合等深入探討，進而提出台灣醫療團體參與國際災難援助的出隊流程建議。因應未來層出不窮的國際災難事件，國內公立醫療部門應整合人力與資源，建立快速反應機制，並依循國際慣例與制度，才有機會融入國際社會進而突破醫療外交困境。

The international humanitarian health actions have been evolved after a series of serious large-scale disasters in recent years. This article reviews the coordination and cooperation of the humanitarian efforts between the United Nations, International Non-Government Organizations (iNGOs) and Taiwan’s Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). The study also discusses the deployment process of both the public and private medical teams in Taiwan. Based on field assessments of the 2015 Nepal earthquake, our public health authority should establish and announce clear guidelines for the deployment of the foreign medical teams to handle similar disasters in the future.