台灣含麻黃生僉類製劑之管理－－流用製毒之防治

The Management of Ephedrine-Containing Products in Taiwan-Preventing the Products are Used to Manufacture Illegal Drugs

早期台灣最常見的甲基安非他命合成方法，是透過走私取得純度較高之麻黃生僉（ephedrine）或假麻黃生僉（pseudoephedrine）原料藥，以鹵化後再還原法（EMDE法）而製成，但近年因世界各國皆嚴加管控麻黃生僉類原料藥，不法份子改由含麻黃生僉類製劑成分之中抽提麻黃生僉類成分，藉以製造甲基安非也命；為防止此類非法情事，食品藥物管理署推動「防制麻黃生僉類製劑流用製毒措施」，內容包括限制麻黃生僉類製劑包裝材料及包裝術料、實施麻黃生僉原料總量管控、加強麻黃生僉類製劑販售流向管理、強化麻黃生僉類製劑出口管控、與緝毒機關合作查緝異常銷售麻黃生僉類製劑等。在推動此一系列措施後，發現以含麻黃生僉類製劑為原科之甲基安非他命製毒工廠，從2009年10-12月9案。2010年24案，2011年19案，至2012年已降為9案；且查獲甲基安非也命成品逐年下降，從2010年251.86kg，2011年140.6kg，至2012年降為119.3kg，下降幅度高達52%，顯示管理措施已收成效。

In the past, the most common method of synthesizing methamphetamine was the EMDE method using ephedrine or pseudoephedrine smuggled through other countries into Taiwan. However, due to the strict control of these pure chemicals, illicit manufacturers turned to using ephedrine-containing products. In order to prevent their diversion from legal trade of these substance to illicit drug production, the Food and Drug Administration implemented a program called “The prevention of the use ephedrine-containing products to manufacture illegal drugs.” This program called for restrictions on the packaging and quantity of ephedrinecontaining products, control of raw ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, changes in the management of drug flow, strengthening of export controls, and collaboration with drug investigation units to investigate the abnormal drug sales. After this series of measures were implemented, the number of factories found to be producing these drugs were 9, 24, 19, and 9 in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. The amount of fully manufactured methamphetamine that was seized was 251.86 kg, 140.6 kg, and 119.3 kg, in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively, resulting in a 52% decrease. We conclude that the program had a significant effect on the manufacture of methamphetamine in Taiwan.