探討在台灣就讀之蒙古國籍學生的健康狀態及醫療利用改變情形

Changes in Health Status and Health Services Utilization of Mongolian Undergraduate and Graduate Students in Taiwan

目的：本研究為調查蒙古國籍學生來臺就學期間之健康情形、影響健康相關因素及探討受訪者在臺與來臺前醫療使用狀況。方法：本研究採橫斷式研究設計調查來臺就學的蒙古國籍學生。於2010年7月以電子郵件方式寄出186份問卷，有效問卷回收率為82%。以羅吉斯迴歸進行分析來臺就學後自覺健康改善的原因，來臺就學後的醫療利用改變則以麥氏關聯樣本檢定分析。結果：分析結果顯示，初次抵臺就學的學生平均年齡為23.6±4.7歲，其中86人（57%）為女性。84%受訪者來臺後的健康狀況變好。健康改善的原因包括台灣的天氣及衛生環境較佳、較常運動以及壓力較小等。在醫療利用方面，與過去在蒙古時對西醫使用的比例並無顯著改變。而過去已經使用蒙古傳統醫療者，有32%來臺後會繼續沿用，但是19%會停止使用。而在蒙古從未使用中醫者，約有18%在臺灣時有使用。此外，若在蒙古從未使用針灸、拔罐及按摩者，只有少於2%會在臺灣時會嘗試。結論：蒙古國學生來臺後的健康有變好的趨勢，在臺除使用西醫外，蒙古傳統醫療及中醫也是該國學生處理身體不適的替代選擇。

Objectives. This study investigated the changes in health status, factors related to changes in health status, and utilization of health services in Mongolian exchange students in Taiwan. Methods. A cross-sectional email survey was sent to Mongolian undergraduate and graduate students studying in Taiwan. A total of 186 emails with a self-administered questionnaire were sent out in July 2010 to Mongolian students in Taiwan. Eighty-two percent of the questionnaires were completed and returned. Logistic regression was used to assess the participants' perceived reasons for health status change since arrival in Taiwan. McNemar's test for repeated measures was used to compare the patterns of health services utilization in participants before and after arrival in Taiwan. Results. The mean(±SD) age of the respondents when they arrived in Taiwan was 23.6±4.7 years. Eighty-six(57%) were female. Results indicated that the health status of 84% of the respondents improved after their arrival in Taiwan. The improvements in their health status were associated with better climate, better sanitary conditions, more exercise, and less stress(p<0.05). In terms of the patterns of health services utilization, utilization of Westem medicine in Mongolian students was not associated with their arrival in Taiwan. Thirty-two percent of the Mongolian students who used traditional Mongolian medicine in Mongolia continued to use it out of preference in Taiwan than those who had not tried to use it(19%). About 18% of the students who had never used traditional Chinese medicine while in Mongolia began to use it after their arrival in Taiwan. Few students(≦2%) tried acupuncture/moxibustion, cupping, or massage in Taiwan if they had not used before in Mongolia. Conclusions. The health status of Mongolian students improved after their arrival in Taiwan. In addition to Western medicine, traditional Mongolian Medicine and traditional Chinese medicine were also the alternative choices of treatment modalities for their ailments.