莫作小說一例看──蔡元放評點《東周列國志》的規範與策略

Do not look on as a novel: The standard and ploy of Cai Yuanfang's marginalia in ＂Tales of the eastern Zhou kingdoms＂

相較於金聖嘆、毛宗崗於白話小說評點之經營，清乾隆年間蔡元放評點的《東周列國志》雖於形式上仿傚金、毛二人，仍以「讀法」、「回目總評」與「夾批」等進行評點，但蔡元放已「無意於文字之工拙」，轉而強調益乎世道、據實勸鑒之道德、學問等經史內涵，重在「評其事理之是非」。蔡元放顯然不似前人關注小說敘事之「法」與「妙」，不斷呼籲「教子弟讀書」的重要性。在蔡元放的評改之下，《東周列國志》使原本通俗小說高居「才子書」的典範價值，又自覺的回歸過往游移於經史底下「稗官野史」之列。本文除了探究評點者設立之閱讀規範的相關內涵，亦試圖分析蔡元放特殊的評點策略與意義。

Compared with Jin Sheng-Tan and Mao Zong-gang, Cai Yuan-fang 's Marginalia of the novel named ＂Tales of the eastern Zhou kingdoms＂ still followed their form of du fa（讀法）, hui mu zong ping（回目總評）,and jia pi（夾批）during the Emperor Qianlong of Qing dynasty. He didn’t focus on writing skills, but changed to emphasize the contents of morality and knowledge which were about enlightenment and realism from classics or history. He paid much attention to comments on evidence and logic in the text. Obviously, Cai Yuan-fang didn't focus on narrative of novels such as fa（法）or miao（妙）.He continuously appealed to students for the importance of proper reading. After marking on ＂Tales of the eastern Zhou kingdoms＂, he transferred paradigm of Chinese popular fiction from Books of Masters to bai guan ye shi（稗官野史）which were on the edge of classics and history. This article will show the signification of reading rules made from commentator, and try to analyze the device of marginalia about Cai Yuan-fang.