論《破窰記》【合笙】「喜得功名遂」套曲在明清時期之流播及變遷

Discussion on the Dissemination and Evolution of Hosheng Divertimento ＂Hsi Te Kung Ming Sui＂ from Po Yao Chi in Ming and Ching Dynasties

【合笙】「喜得功名遂」套曲，出自元戲文《破窰記》末齣，內容為呂蒙正功名奪魁，終與妻子及岳父、岳母，闔家團圓、華堂歡宴。該套在明清時期頗為流行，本文旨在藉該套的流播變遷，觀照戲文流播及南曲北化之發展。從「套式及套曲內容之變遷」、「由南套向北套之轉化」、「套曲的音樂系統－絃索唱及崑唱」三個面向入手，論該套因「上絃索」插入三隻北曲，重新組成的南北合套，內容偏重在渲染氣氛，適於慶頌場合的絃索彈唱；不過，該齣續見崑曲演出，至清前期，藝人還仿其情節與套式，創作形同北套的《荊釵記．釵圓》。而傳唱「喜得功名遂」套曲的絃索唱及崑唱，在板位設置、樂句頓挫及鬆緊處理，作法頗見差異，可見南北曲曲唱音樂的部分創作空間。

Hosheng Divertimento ＂Hsi Te Kung Ming Sui＂ was From Po Yao Chi Drama last, the plot is the whole family reunion and everyone in pleasure, which was very popular in the Ming and Ching Dynasties. This paper explores the content changing, from Nanchu to Peichu and singing by Kunqu and Hsienso. As the changing track of Hosheng Divertimento, we can explain the opera streaming, tune music and other related issues. The change of Divertimento was from adding 3 Peichu tunes, then following a variety ways of deletion and combination, even fom the plot narrative steering emotional rendering in content. As Nanchu and Peichu have blended, the original Nanchu Divertimento has changed a Nanchu and Peichu Divertimento, and because singing by Nanchu, was regarded as a Peichu Divertimento, and this new model was imitated. This Divertimento has spread in Hsienso and Kunqu, although the lyrics are the same, but there are many differences in melody. The structure of sentences in Hsienso music are different from metrical spectrum in Nanchu and Peichu, therefore the pattern and the music of tunes may not strongly related.