四十年代後期香港左翼方言文學運動探析

A Study on the Hong Kong's Dialect Literature Movement in the Late 1940s

四十年代後期，不少左翼的中國文人來港，從事政治性的文藝活動。1947-1949年間，他們就曾在香港發起方言文學運動。這次名義上是提倡方言文學的運動，實際上是以方言文學為手段，爭取華南地區讀者，實踐「文藝大眾化」、教育群眾和發動群眾的運動。運動的實際內容包括在報章撰文製造輿論，成立文學組織和出版理論和創作書籍等。這次運動規模頗大，涉及的範圍深廣，圍繞應否建立方言文學、方言文學的形式、以及方言文學的教育功能等討論，並在數年間累積了不少理論和創作的實績。可是學界對這次方言文學運動關注甚少，運動在香港文學發展史上佔甚麼位置，有甚麼影響，甚至在文藝理論方面有甚麼洞見和缺失，仍未有足夠的評估。因此，本文嘗試探討當時左翼文人關於方言文學的觀點，並剖析方言文學運動未能在香港造成較大影響的原因。

In 1947-1949, many famous left-wing Chinese authors and scholars stayed in Hong Kong temporary and launched a Dialect Literature Movement (方言文學運動) at that time. In fact, the Dialect Literature Movement was not focus on the revolution of language of Hong Kong Literature. The most important aim of the movement was trying to mobilize the masses of South China through literature for the China's War of Liberation (1945-1949). Hong Kong was only a transition actually. Although the movement was unsuccessful eventually, many theories and writings were created by the left-wing literati in that period. However, not much noise was made by this such large-scaled movement. In this essay, review and also viewpoint of the Dialect Literature Movement will be sorted out. This study will help us understand the left-wing point of views. Most importantly, the cause of this movement failure.