論傳統莊周試妻戲曲中的配角人物

A Study of Supporting Roles in the Traditional Zhuang Zhou's Testing Wife Drama

傳統莊周試妻戲曲是一齣充滿爭議的經典名劇。歷來評論者的研究角度，大多集中在男女主角莊周、田氏二人之上，然而，若深研此劇，可以發現：該劇擁有多位有趣的配角人物，在劇中與主角之間有著或搧風點火、或監督評論、或比對參照的交流關係，是從不同的角度觀察男女主角的行為，解析主角二人的內心世界，反映了不同面向的人性，豐富了劇作家所欲傳達的旨趣，深具探討價值。本文就四部傳統莊周試妻戲曲劇本－明傳奇《四大癡•色卷》與謝弘儀《蝴蝶夢》概括體製劇種，清《綴白裘》本《蝴蝶夢》、清《戲考大全》本《大劈棺》概括腔調劇種之京崑（花雅）系統，觀察除去莊周（包含他所幻化的楚王孫）、田氏兩位男女主角之外的配角人物（龍套人物除外），探討其在劇中所發揮的作用與意義。論述共分五節，首先爬梳傳統莊周試妻戲曲的淵源本事，從中溯源配角人物的原型；其次三節，依劇情節推展所出現之配角人物依序論述：「夢境骷髏」乃試妻背景之啟示者；「搧墳寡婦」則是試妻動機直接的引發者；「僮僕與紙人」則是試妻過程中的參與者，每節再從原型論述到傳統諸作。第五節則綜合探討傳統莊周試妻戲曲中配角人物所呈現的深層意涵。餘者結論。

Traditional Zhuang Zhou's Testing Wife is a controversial classical well-known drama. Commentators predominately highlight the main characters of Zhuang Zhou and his wife Tian; however, if observing this play deeply, one may discover that this play possesses many interesting supporting roles who reflect different perspectives on the acts and human natures of the two characters. That is, the supporting roles have enriched what playwrights would like to express in the drama. The present paper is based on the analyses of the following four dramas: Ming Chuan qi Si Da Chi--Se Juan, Sie Hongyi's Hu Die Meng, Qing Chuo Bai Qiu-Hu Die Meng and Qing Xi Kao Da Quan-Da Pi Guan. The paper consists of five sections: the first section characterizes the source and features of Zhuang Zhou's Testing Wife and traces back the prototype of the supporting roles. The next three sections discuss the supporting roles as the plot develops-first, the Dreamland Skeleton is the revelator of the play; second, the Grave Widow is the initiation of the motivation; third, the Servants and the Paper Man are the participants of the process. In addition, each section discusses the traditional dramas based on the prototype. Finally, the last section concludes the in-depth meaning of the supporting roles in the drama.