宋詞中的「人生」探究

Exploring 'Life' in Sung Tzu

本論文旨在探討宋詞中含有「人生」一詞的作品，藉此觀察宋代詞人對人生的感悟與面對人生的態度。經過筆者的歸納分析，宋代詞人所吐露的人生感悟相當豐富多元：或感悟人生的短暫、空幻，或感悟人生的離別、漂泊，或感悟人生的悲苦、失意，也有對人生的忙碌、難料、多情等發出聲音。他們經常運用熟語，順手拈來，隨口說出，相當自然而不造作，這些都是他們面臨某種人生情境的真實告白。宋代詞人一方面發出不同的人生感悟，另一方面也嘗試要如何面對不同的人生境遇，我們從含有「人生」一詞的作品中，發現他們所採取的態度有：及時行樂、樂天適性、立功顯名等不同的因應方式。雖然從作品中所看到的大都是行樂、飲酒、聽歌、看舞，或者是歸去、隱居等較消極的作為，而積極的立功顯名則屬少見，但它們都有一個共同點，就是珍惜生命、把握當下、善待此生。宋代詞人在感悟人生短暫、離別、悲苦等等之餘，他們並沒有放棄生命，反而更珍惜這有限的生命，這應該是宋代詞人給我們最好的人生啟示。

The idea behind this thesis is to explore Sung Tzu literature that includes the word ”Life.” And by doing so, we can observe poets' feelings and attitudes toward life in Sung dynasty. After analysis the author concludes that Sung poets' feelings toward life was rather versatile: transient, illusory, seperation, wander, sorrow, frustration, hustle, unpredictable, and passion…etc. They often used idiomatic phrases that came out straight from the mouth. It was natural without faking. These were their true confessions when facing certain types of life situations.On the one hand, the poets in Sung dynasty expressed various feelings toward life, but on the other hands, they tried to figure ways of coping with various life situations. From the literatures that include the word ”life,” we discovered the attitude they took were: made merry while one can, carefree, performed deeds of merit to gain fame. Though most of the works we saw were passive behaviors such as indulging in pleasure, drinking, listening to music, watching dance, or withdrawing from the society like hermit. Active behaviors such as performing deeds of merit to gain fame only appeared once in a while. However, they both had one thing in common, that is, cherishing life and the moment. While Sung poets felt that life is short, seperated, and depressed, they did not give up; on the contrary, they cherished the finite life even more. This is probably the best inspiration that Sung poets left us.