顧炎武「行己有恥」與「博學於文」說辨正

A Discussion on Gu Yan-wu's Theory of 'One Should Maintains a Sense of Shame in One's Behavior (xing-ji you-chi)' and 'One Should Studies Extensively from Various Texts (bo-xue yu-wen)'

本文從顧炎武對宋、明理學的批評與繼承談起，藉以確立他對心性問題的基本態度，從而了解顧炎武如何解釋價值判斷之主體「心」，如何以「行己有恥」補救私欲對「心」所造成的干擾，以及「心」如何藉由「行己有恥」與「博學於文」的相互結合，完成顧炎武所主張的實踐的成德之學。

This essay mainly discuss three viewpoints about Gu Yan-wu's theory of ”one should maintains a sense of shame in one's behavior (xing-ji you-chi 行己有恥)” and ”one should studies extensively from various texts (bo-xue yu-wen 博學於文)”. First of all, discussing Gu's criticism and inheritance of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism, and establishing his basic attitude towards the nature of mind. Secondly, finding out that how Gu interpret the ”mind” and as the main body of value judgment as well as how he advocate ”one should maintains a sense of shame in one's behavior” to remedy the interference from selfish desire to the mind. Lastly, manifesting Gu's practice theory of cultivation of virtues can be achieved by the combination of ”one should maintains a sense of shame in one's behavior” and ”one should studies extensively from various texts”.