《墨子》兼愛說平議－－兼談朱熹之評論

Appraises 'Mozi' the Universal Impartial Love Theory-Concurrently Discusses Zhu Xi's Commentary

墨家學說於戰國時期號稱顯學，「兼愛」為墨子思想最為時人及後人所熟知的招牌語，然而自《孟子》以「無父」邪說予以抨擊之後，彷彿成了不可易之定論。筆者拙文之作，首先嘗試從「兼愛」非不孝親說起，指出「無父」批判有厚誣、錯解《墨子》「為其友之親，若為其親」本義之處，進而說明「兼愛」乃是以「視人若己」作為消除人心自愛自利的著手處，以此釐清「兼愛說」之真義。其次則申明《孟子》「無父」之說原初非主流之論，並進一步指出於宋儒尊孔崇孟之學術氛圍下，始發酵而成為蔚為大國之論，並自此影響後人對於「兼愛」的評價。再者，宋儒雖為捍衛儒家道統而對「兼愛」多所批評，然而彼時之人對於「兼愛」與儒家親親仁民、博施濟眾之異，亦時有糾結不清之處，是以時至朱熹，於嚴儒、墨之辨的前提下，遂而針對「兼愛」予以詳細論析。

The Mohism is known as a famous doctrine in the Warring States time, ”the universal impartial love” is the advertisement language which Mozi thought most person and descendant's person then knew very well, howeverAfter ”does not have the father” since ”Mencius” the evil doctrine to give the attack, as if has become the unmodifiable argument. The author writes this article, first attempts from ”the universal impartial love” is not the filial family member mentions, pointed out ”does not have the father” the critique has the implicate falsely, to misinterpret ”Mozi” ”treats others' family member, likely treats own family member”, then explained that ”the universal impartial love” is by ”Regards as others is same” the achievement eliminates the will of the people self-respect self-interest the method, defined clearly ”the universal impartial love by this to say” the real righteousness. Next declared ”Mencius” ”does not have the father” the view originally by no means mainstream opinion, and further pointed out under the The Song Confucian venerates Kong Zi and Mencius's academic atmosphere, starts to ferment becomes has the very big influence, and will affect the future generations from now on regarding ”the universal love” appraisal. Again next, Song Confucian, although to guard the Confucianist Confucian orthodoxy rightly ”the universal impartial love” to have many criticisms, however person then regarding ”universal love” with Confucianist benevolence difference,also often has the understanding unclear situation, therefore Zhu Xi to distinguish the Confucianism, under the Mohism premise, therefore aims at ”the universal impartial love” to give in detail discusses.