王士雄《隨息居霍亂論》醫案分析

On the Analysis of Cholera Vera Healing Cases in “The Theory of the Cholera at Suixiju” by Shi-Xiong Wang

霍亂是一種古老的腸胃道疾病，在中國醫藥書籍的記載上已經超過兩千年。十九世紀以後，由於帝國主義崛起，原本只有存在於印度的霍亂致病菌，隨著當時興盛的海上貿易路線及跨國軍事行動而擴散至全球，形成了致死率極高的「真性霍亂」流行病，與古典醫學書籍上所敘述的霍亂有相當程度的差異。中國沿海地區因為對外交通頻繁之故，首當其衝，不久便受到了該傳染病的侵襲， 並且造成後來中國境內連續多次與多處的流行。清代中葉以後，「溫病學」的發展更趨於成熟，本文藉由溫病四大家之一的王士雄根據1840至1870年代流行時所觀察匯集而成的醫案，分析近代中國對於「真性霍亂」的認識、治療與預防之法。

Cholera is an ancient gastrointestinal disease, which has been carried in the Chinese medicine books more than two thousand years. And, in the beginning of 19th century, due to rising imperialism, the “Cholera Vera” originally existing in India spread out to the worldwide through the flourishing maritime trade routes and multinational military actions, and therefore became a kind of Cholera Epidemic of very high causing death rate. Because of the heavy external traffic, the first attack of “Cholera Vera” in China soon later appeared along coastal areas, and then there had been continual epidemic in multi-places in the territory of China. In the middle period of Ching dynasty, the development of “Febrile disease” became more mature. This paper is aimed to study the healing cases compiled by Shi-Xiong Wang, one of the four masters of “the school of epidemic febrile disease” in ching dynasty, who observed and recorded all epidemic healing cases from 1840 to 1870; and then to analyze how to know, how to cure and how to prevent the “Cholera Vera” in the modern China.