受感化教育少女不良適應影響因素分析

The Maladaptive Influencing Factors of Imprisonment and Victimization Experiences to Young Female Offenders in Reform School

本文針對在少年輔育院執行感化教育少女165人為研究對象，採問卷調查法，探討在院監禁經驗與被害經驗對其生理問題、憂鬱傾向及負向情緒等之影響。研究結果顯示：精神壓力、院內霸凌恐懼對「生理問題」有較高解釋力，其中又以精神壓力影響最為顯著；缺乏支持、精神壓力、院內霸凌恐懼、年齡及在院期間則對「憂鬱傾向」有較高解釋力，其中又以缺乏支持對憂鬱傾向影響最為顯著；同樣的，缺乏支持、院內霸凌恐懼、精神壓力對「負向情緒」有較高解釋力，而缺乏支持仍是最顯著之影響變項。綜上，精神壓力與院內霸凌恐懼等兩個變項可顯著的預測受感化教育少女在院不良適應三個層面，而其中影響憂鬱傾向及負向情緒最顯著之變項為「缺乏支持」。最後，本文認為少年矯正機構於少女執行感化教育期間，有效解決其缺乏支持之困擾，降低被霸凌恐懼及減輕生活精神壓力，可改善其監禁不良適應問題，本文也根據研究發現提供相關政策參考。

The main purpose of this study was to explore the influence of imprisonment and victimization experiences to young female offenders’ physical problems, depression, and interpersonal relationship problems. The participants were 165 young female offenders who had committed in crime in Reform School . The questionnaire survey was conducted. The main findings of this study were as follows: (a) the stress of imprisonment and victimization experiences outside of school have more significant influence to young female offenders’physical problems, especially the influence of the stress of imprisonment；(b) the lack of social support, the stress of imprisonment, the fear of school bullying, age and in custody have more significant influence to young female offenders’depression, especially the lack of social support；(c) the lack of social support, the fear of school bullying and the stress of imprisonment have more significant influence to negative emotions, especially the influence of the lack of social support. This study suggests that enhance positive social support, reducing the fear of school bullying, and the stress of imprisonment in Reform School can improve the young female offenders’ maladaptation. However, due to the limitation of funds and the shortage of people, it is difficult to improve the physical environment. Therefore, reducing the fear of victimization is a practicable solution. Finally, the study also suggests that building up the mechanism for monitoring of school bullying is to alter the strategy of managing the bullying problems in Reform School.