耶林的占有概念與占有保護學說：基於羅馬法與德國民法學傳統的考察

作為 19 世紀後半的重要法學家，耶林的占有學說在當時發 揮了重要影響。本論文嘗試釐清耶林占有概念與占有保護學說 的歷史脈絡及其羅馬法的基礎，並在此基礎上考察其與德國民法典之間的關聯。在占有概念上，耶林強調占有與所有權的內在聯繫，將占有界定為「所有權的事實上行使」，對薩維尼學說中的「體控」要素進行深入批判。在這個基礎上，耶林也對羅 馬法的占有令狀的制度原理提出了新的理解，呈現了該制度在歷史發展中的動態演變。最後，本文強調耶林的法釋義學討論與其法學建構論之間的關聯，並且指出耶林占有保護學說的現 代意義。

As one of the most significant jurists in the second half of the 19th century, Rudolf von Jhering's theory of possession had great influence on the legal doctrine of his time. This article aims at clarifying the historical context of the concept and the protection of possession in Jhering's doctrinal works and tries to survey its connection with the German BGB. Concerning the concept of possession, Jhering emphasized the inner connection of possession and ownership and defined possession as 'the factual exercising of ownership'. He then closely criticised the element of 'apprehension' in the concept of possession in the doctrine of F. C. Savigny. Based on his definition of possession, Jhering developed a new conception of the underlying principles of the interdicta ad possessionem in Roman Law and presented the dynamic evolution of this legal institution in history. Finally, this article tries to explain the connection of Jherings doctrinal discussions to his theory of legal construction and points out the significance of his discussions concerning the protection of possession in the contemporary world.