論歐洲聯盟社會基本權之規範與實踐

歐盟社會權的發展由來已久，惟其一開始即須與歐盟競爭 政策的考量取得一個平衡。歐盟社會權是歐盟基本權之一環， 所以，對於歐盟機構權限約束的有限度的個別授權原則及輔助 原則，亦適用於社會權。惟歐盟法院基於歐盟法優先適用理論， 經由法律續造的方式，不斷地具體化社會權的態樣與內容，其或有超出於制定法之外者。歐盟社會權的規定散佈在初級歐盟 法及次級歐盟法中，特別是歐盟基本權憲章的基本權目錄（平等、社會連帶），如能發揮規範功能及施展其法律效力，尤能有助於歐盟人民人權饗宴的落實。各界對之期望甚高。在社會歐洲的形成過程中，集體措施權被視為社會權，而社會權則被視為勞工保護法，三者環環相扣提供歐盟人民各種保護。經由討論後，本文以為：歐盟機構對於社會權之行使，仍應受到目前 歐盟條約及歐盟基本權憲章中之有限度的個別授權原則及輔助原則的限制。僅有在會員國與歐盟共識的社會權，歐盟法律始具有優先適用效力。其次，由於平等待遇基準指令涵蓋到勞動關係的全程，其對於各國勞動基本權之影響尤大，如何與輔助原則取得協調一致，必須妥善因應處理。再者，由於輔助原則 亦適用於歐盟機構與社會夥伴或勞雇團體（含會員國層次）的權限劃分，而歐盟法院時而尊重其權限，時而卻採取嚴格管制 的態度，建議歐盟法院尊重輔助原則，逐步授予其裁量空間及決定權限。

The development of social rights in the EU has a long history, but it needs to strike a balance with the EU's competition policy. Since EU social rights is one of the fundamental rights of the European Union, so that the principle of limited individual authority and the subsidiary principle to the European Union authority, can also be applied to social rights. However, the Court of Justice of the European Union（ECJ）, based on the theory of priority application of the EU Law, continues to specify the types and content of social rights through legal continuation progress, which may be beyond the scope of statutory law. The provisions of the EU social rights are scattered in the primary and secondary EU law, in particular in the catalog of the fundamental right of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union（equality, solidarity） . They can especially help the implementation of the EU people's human rights feast, if they can display a normative function and generate their legal effect. So, everybody shows his highly expectations. In the process of the formation of Social Europe, the collective measure right is regarded as social rights, and social right is regarded as labor protection law, the three law area are interlocking to provide the protection of the EU people. After discussion, this article argues that the exercise of social rights by EU institutions should still be restrained by the principle of limited individual authorizations and subsidiary principle in current EU treaties and EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Only in the social rights which the Member States and the European Union have consensus, the EU law has a priority application effect. Secondly, since the Equal Treatment Directive covers the entire labor relationship, it has a significant impact on the basic labor rights to all countries. How to coordinate with the subsidiary principle, must be properly handled. Moreover, since the principle of subsidiarity also applies to the differentiation of competences between EU institutions and social partners or hire/labor organizations（including Member States）, but the ECJ sometimes respect their authority and, at times, adopt a strict regulatory approach. It is recommended that the ECJ respect the principle of subsidiarity and gradually grant discretionary powers and power of decision.