論再保險契約之效力 ——以監理效益為探討核心

The Legal Validity of Reinsurance Contract: Focusing on the Regulatory Effect

再保險交易模式屬於典型的商人保險，契約雙方當事人均為具 備保險專業且經濟地位平等之商業保險公司，由於不涉及保險消費 者保護之議題，故再保險交易屬於高度私法自治之領域。然而再保 險係保險經營上重要一環，若保險人因不當安排再保險之問題導致 失卻清償能力，不但會直接影響其經營安全，亦有可能間接損及保 險消費者之權益。從而，本文探討再保險契約之獨立性、再保險基 本原則及重要契約條款等相關議題，分析原保險人實際上受到再保 險契約效力之拘束，進而產生再保險契約之監理效益。同時，針對 我國現行再保險管理辦法，檢討行政監理對於再保險契約實質內容 之管制與干預，除必要之低度監理外，應貫徹再保險之高度私法自 治與契約自由原則，尊重國際上商事習慣之形成，並以此作為將來 研議修正再保險監理規範之參考。

The reinsurance transaction model is a typical commercial insurance. Both contracted parties are commercial insurance companies with insurance expertise and equal economic status. Because the reinsurance is not related to the insurance policyholder protection as its transactions belong to a highly autonomous area of private law, it requires little formal regulatory supervision on the contractual relationship. However, reinsurance is an important area of insurance business. Improper reinsurance arrangement could affect the insurer's solvency that in turn undermines both the operational safety of the business and the interest of policyholders. This paper reviews the relevant principles and clauses of reinsurance contract and examines the regulatory effect on the behavior of insurer. Furthermore, this paper addresses the current reinsurance regulatory issues in Taiwan and emphasizes the importance of principle of private autonomy and contract freedom as well as reinsurance usage in the market. Lastly, suggestions for the legal system reform for future reference are provided.