明初山東養馬政策之研究

Study of Stud Policy in Shandong of Early Ming Dynasty

在傳統的中國農業社會裏，馬政是屬於國防的重要事務，馬政的興衰關係著國防的強弱，政府對於馬政相當重視。明初政府的重視造成馬匹蕃息過多，為解決這個問題，政府將過多的馬匹轉移到地方負責孳牧。從瞭解明初中央馬政的狀況，探討中央轉移到地方的時機點，在過程中瞭解山東成為首選之地的原因。進一步的了解，在山東六府中馬政的實施只選擇西三府。在繁重的賦稅雜役之外，馬政加諸在山東的區域與實行的狀況。間接的凸顯屬於國防的馬政，對地方的影響。

In the traditional Chinese farming society, the craft of horse-keeping plays animportant role in its national defense. The government pays a great deal of attention tothe craft of horse-keeping considering the interest of a country’s stallions is of greatimportance in defining its dominance. However the overwhelming attention to thevery aspects of horse-keeping resulted in a staggering number of horses bred. In orderto solve such quandary, the government decided to reposition a number of horses to aselected area for better control. With the understanding from the earlier Ming Dynasty’s horse-keeping policy toits later repositioning strategy comes the realization of Shendong being its primeestablishment in horse care. In further studies, the three of westward prefecture inShendong was the frontier chosen exclusively for such practice. Concerning the deafening tax regulation and the custom of horse-keepingprotocol in the Shendong province, the correlations between such practices andimpacts were apparent throughout the region.