從宋臣陳襄《神宗皇帝即位使遼語錄》論其使遼事蹟

A Study of Chen Xiang’s Diplomatic Efforts – Based on His 'Shen Zong huangdi jiwei shi Liao yulu'

在宋遼長期的和平外交中，以宋國來說，殘存至今的使遼報告——《使遼語錄》可說是非常少，而陳襄所撰的《神宗皇帝即位使遼語錄》卻是幸運的被保存下來，並且對於其在遼國交聘活動情形有很詳細的記載。因此筆者在本文中，先論述其《使遼語錄》的收錄過程與史料價值，同時也依據此一《使遼語錄》的內容，討論陳襄使遼的幾項事蹟，包括使遼的任務與在夏天赴遼、在遼境內往返的行程與晉見遼道宗的地點、遼臣向陳襄等人探問舊識宋臣的近況、在遼境內參與酒宴的種類、陳襄與遼臣的宴座之爭、提前向遼道宗辭行返國等六項，以期使讀者能透過本文的閱讀，對宋遼外交史有比較深入的了解。

In the long-term peaceful diplomatic relations between the Song and the Liao, little diplomatic reports of the Song envoys to the Liao has been preserved. Chen Xiang’s 'Shen Zong huangdi jiwei shi Liao yulu' that offers detailed and rich description of his diplomatic missions to the Liao, is fortunate to become available today. This article will first give an introduction to its origin, and the contents and value of this important historical material. Then, based on this material, six parts of his diplomatic efforts will be discussed as following: (1) his missions to Liao, (2) his itineraries and the place where Emperor Daozong of the Liao gave him an audience, (3) Liao ministers’ inquiries about their former aquatints on the Song side, (4) different banquets they participated in at his mission, (5) the fight on seats between Chen Xiang and the Liao officers, (6) his bid of farewell to Emperor Dao Zong at an earlier date. It is hoped that this paper, through the above examinations will offer a good picture of Song-Liao diplomatic relations.