從《竹林寺女科》歷史傳承來探索佛學與中醫婦科的相關性

Explore the Relationship of Buddhism and Gynecology of TCM from the Historical Heritage Among the “Gynecology of Zhulin Temple”

《竹林寺女科》起源於後晉，具有竹林寺僧醫歷代傳承的背景，但因其為「秘傳」的特性，使得原始作者無法考證，因此在中醫婦科正史中少有著墨。然其具有「野史」的特色，記載了豐富民間婦科診療紀錄以及僧醫用藥經驗與關於醫理之論述，正可以體現中醫與佛教醫學、道家與儒家思想間的關係，也讓中醫婦科的理論與用藥更加完整。其內容除了蘊藏中醫婦科關於經、帶、胎、產等理論與治法等運用之外，亦融合了佛教理論以及道家養生及民間方術等思想。本論文嘗試從《竹林寺女科》相關版本，探討其歷史演進及其醫療特色，並分析書中所呈現病因病機、處方用藥與治法中受到佛教思想影響之處，結果可以歸納成包含天人相應，注重內因、善調情志，妊娠期間注重安胎與養胎以及注重預防醫學與食療養生等觀點。

The “Gynecology of Zhulin Temple” had been inherited by the Buddhist monks of the temple since Later Jin dynasty. Due to the reasons of the esoteric characteristics and the fact that the original author cannot be verified, it was scarcely mentioned in the official history of the gynecology in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, because of the “unofficial” features that included folk people’s and Buddhist monks’ treating experience and knowledge, it can reflect the relationship between TCM and Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, and also allow the TCM theory in the gynecology to become more complete. The “Gynecology of Zhulin Temple” reserved not only the TCM theories and treatment strategies in the Gynecology, but also integrated the theory of Buddhist, Taoist and folk thoughts and methods to preserve one’s health. This paper attempts to explore the historical evolution in the related version of the “Gynecology of Zhulin Temple” , and tries to figure out the thesis of TCM, including etiology, pathogenesis, prescription and treating strategies that are related to Buddhism. The results could be classified and focused on the points (1) about the correspondence between human and universe, (2) the emphasize on the emotional factors, (3) prevention from miscarriage and nourishing the fetus, and (4) attention to the preventive medicine and diet regimen.