減重計畫介入對拳擊運動員身體組成及血液生化值之影響

Effect of Weight Loss Programs Intervention on the Body Composition and Blood Biochemical Values of Boxers

本研究之目的在探討以急速減重與飲食控制減重二種不同的減重計畫實施後，對於拳擊運動員的減重成效、血液生化值及身體組成的影響。實驗結果如下：第一，身體組成的變化：在急速減重組，總體重、蛋白質、淨體重及基礎代謝率均顯著下降（p<.05）；而細胞內液、細胞外液及體脂肪率無顯著變化；在飲食控制減重組中，總體重及體脂肪率均有顯著下降（p<.05），其餘項目無顯著變化。其次，在血液質的變化方面：血色素、紅血球數、平均紅血球血紅素濃度等值在急速減重組及飲食控制減重組中均無顯著差異。第三，生化值的變化方面：除了尿酸在急速減重組中出現顯著上升，但在飲食控制組則否之外，其餘項目在急速減重組及飲食控制減重組中均無顯著差異。根據以上結果，建議運動員不要輕率嘗試急速減重法，對拳擊選手而言，較理想的減重方式是以溫和的飲食控制加上適度的訓練課程，不但可以達到減重目的，又可讓體能與技能保持較理想的狀況。

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compared the rapid weight loss and diet control weight loss two dietary plans whether can effectively alter the boxer's biochemical value in hematological, biochemical variables and body composition. The final results are as follows： Firstly, the total body weight, protein, lean body mass and basal metabolic rate were significantly reduced（p<.05）for the rapid weight loss group； but the changes of intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid and body fat percentage（BF%）were insignificant. On the contrary, the diet control weight loss group has significant change in the total body weight and BF%（p<.05）. Secondly, the hemoglobin, red blood cell and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were not changed on both testing groups. Thirdly, in terms of the changes in biochemical variables, the uric acid concentration was greatly increased in rapid weight loss group, but it did not show the same tendency in the diet control weight loss group. No conclusive differences in other rest of examination items. Based on the above results, it is recommended that boxing athletes do not rashly try the rapid weight loss method. The ideal way of losing weight for boxing athletes was moderate diet control accompanied by appropriate training courses not only to achieve weight loss purposes but also to keep the physical and skills to the ideal situation.