古物類文物資產的研究與管理──從「古物」的「系列性」看「組（件）」數的登錄

The Seriality of Antiques: A study on the Research and Management of the Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of the Quantity of Antique ＂Sets (pieces)＂

古物的登錄與指定，乃各級古物主管機關整合協調「學術研究」、「行政作業」與「文資價值」之成果。而中央古物主管機關為此所建立的理論架構、方法論及研究方法，迄今仍有極大的發展空間，此為本文所關注的焦點。在國內目前1317組（11991件）古物中，扣除古籍善本或檔案文書等「圖書文獻」，以「1組（多件）」登錄指定之古物僅104組，其餘均屬「1組（1件）」古物。然而經過古物公告內容與官方資料庫或各式相關文書的比對，卻可發現各級古物主管機關對於「1組（1件）」與「1組（多件）」的判別時有訛誤，問題可能出自其面對古物組構關係時的「單數」視點。藉由對於「組（件）」──官方統計古物總數的量詞──的探討與論述，本文首要指出此一量詞反映了相關單位對古物特質屬性、歷史脈絡及涵蓋範疇的理解與掌握。其次在界定「1組（1件）」古物與「1組（多件）」古物典型特徵的同時，本文釐清「組」與「件」的意義及功能，以便消弭學術慣例與管理制度無法銜接的落差。此外，文中根據「1組（多件）」古物中各個組成部件之間、各部件與古物主題概念之間的組構關係，區分出三類不同形態的「系列性」。而相較於「1組（1件）」古物的「系列性」，此三類「系列性」更為清晰地揭示了前人與今人「象徵指涉」的心智活動，如何同步運作於物件的組織或重組上。透過「組（件）」的概念化與理論化，本研究希冀能為我國古物的組構關係建立有效的判讀原則與「複數」視點，從而使更多系列性複雜、且數量並不「稀少」的重要文物終能「被看見」。

The antique registration and designation in Taiwan are notable results of the efforts by the competent authorities for antiques in different levels in integrating ＂academic research,＂ ＂administration,＂ and ＂cultural heritage values.＂ For the purpose, the competent authorities have also established theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and research methods, although there are still plenty of rooms for further improvement and development. Among the 1,317 sets (11,991 pieces) of antiques registered and designated in Taiwan, only 104 of them are registered as ＂multiple-piece sets＂ if excluding ＂books and documents＂ such as ancient rare books and historical documents, etc. All the rest are listed as ＂one-piece sets.＂ Nevertheless, a comparison of public declarations, government databases, and related documents of antiques reveals that there are errors in identifying these ＂multiple-piece sets＂ and ＂one-piece sets.＂ The problem might arise from the ＂singular point of view＂ in interpreting the relations between the antiques and their consisting parts. This study attempts to point out relevant agencies' understanding and grasp on the characters and attributes, history, and scope of antiques through an examination and discussion on antique ＂sets (pieces),＂ a measurement unit the government uses to indicate the quantity of antiques. In addition, it defines typical characters of ＂one-piece set＂ and ＂multiple-piece set＂ respectively, while at the same time it clarifies the meaning and function of ＂set＂ and ＂piece＂ to diminish the gap between academic inertia and administration. Furthermore, it identifies three types of ＂seriality＂ by the relations among the consisting parts and that between the parts and the theme of a ＂multiple-piece set＂ antique. In comparison to the ＂seriality＂ of the ＂one-piece set＂ antique, these three types of sequence better illustrate how people’s mental activities such as symbolization references today and in the past affect the categorization and re-categorization of antique objects. Through conceptualizing and theorizing the antique ＂set (piece),＂ this study expects to establish an effective identification principle and a ＂plural point of view＂ in hope that more important artifacts with complex sequences, which are not small in numbers, can finally be ＂seen＂ and given more attentions.