國際關係理論反思性、反思現實主義理論之研究

Reflexivity and Reflexive Realism in International Relations Theories

本文主旨在探索國際關係理論本身存在的理論反思性，包括反思性較強的批判性國際關係理論、後現代主義、建構主義等理論，以及反思性較弱的現實主義與自由主義等理論，尤其是現實主義反思中出現的反思現實主義（reflexive realism），特別是其對於國際關係學界忽略的現實主義之政治－－倫理面向及理論化過程的反思，以及其理論內涵與特色；進而其引發國際關係理論研究未來發展的可能性。本文首先分析國際關係理論的理論反思性及其核心元素，以及非主流各理論的反思性。其次，分析反思現實主義或烏托邦現實主義的理論內涵，包括其政治－－倫理面向及理論化過程的反思，以理解反思現實主義的理論反思性。最後，提出反思現實主義引發國際關係理論研究未來發展的可能性。

This article explores theoretical reflexivities of international relations theories, including the stronger reflexivity of the critical international relations theory, postmodernism, constructivism, and the weaker reflexivity of realism and liberalism. In particular, the reflection of realism has brought out “reflective realism” which reveals the political-ethical aspects and theorization, as well as contents and characters of realism. This article also explores possible contributions of reflective realism to international relations theories. First, this article analyzes the central elements of theoretical reflexivity, and the reflexivity of alternative international relations theories. Second, the article details the contents of reflective and utopia realism, including those reflected by political-ethical aspects and theorization. Finally, the article discusses future potentials of reflexive realism.