農會放款關鍵性策略因素之研究

The Study of Key Strategic Factors in Farm Alliance Loan

「農會」這個百年老店，依據「農會法」組成設立，負有「保障農民權益，提高農民知識技能，促進農業現代化，增加生產收益，改善農民生活，發展農村經濟」的使命，另依「農業金融法」的規範；經營農業基層金融業務。「農會信用部」在台灣經濟的起步；農會信用部扮演了相當重要的角色，貢獻其力。但由於「農會法」、「農業金融法」等相關法規的限制與規範及區域性的經營及自口金融利率自由化，使得農會經營規模小、利差空間小、經營業務受限等因素而壓縮了農會獲利的空間。但目前「放款業務」仍是農會收益的重要來源。經辦人員對於放款案件的審核考量，過去一般都只重視借保戶的條件「放款5P」，因社會進步及經濟因素的複雜化，實是放款成敗及經營績效才是關鍵性策略因素之所在。本研究透過文獻探討及問卷施測，經由實證分析後得到結論為：受訪者最重視的個人層次放款關鍵性策略因素依序為「客戶服務年資或公司營業時間」、「客戶行業別」、「客戶貸款類別」、「貸款年限」和「客戶報稅資料或公司財務簽證；最重視的組織層次放款關鍵性策略因素依序為「農會品牌形象」、「營業範圍限制」、「配合政府政策」和「放款案件審核時間長短」；個人層次與組織層次的放款關鍵性策略因素之間具有顯著正相關；性別對個人層次放款關鍵性策略因素有顯著性差異；以及職位對個人層次放款關鍵性策略因素也有顯著性差異。最後，依據研究結論，提出建議如下：1.導入適當風險管理制度，引導員工風險管理能力來創造競爭優勢；2.適時修訂放款審核制度，以配合經營環境之變化；3.定期訪視貸款客戶，適時找出逾期放款之危機；4.根據研究最重視之關鍵性策略因素，建立適當放款評估指標，來建置適當的放款機制。

Farmers' association R.O.C., a long standing institution, established under the Farmers Association Act, has a mission to maintain farmers' rights, improve farmers' professional knowledge, introduce modernization to agriculture, increase produce revenue, improve farmers' lives, develop economy of farming villages, and run entry level agricultural financial business under the example of the Agricultural Finance Act. Farmers' credit union has played an important role in the growth of Taiwan economy. But due to the legal restrictions of the Farmers Association Act and the Agricultural Finance Act and financial liberalization, the farmers' association can only operate at a small scale thus limits the profit potential. Currently, the loan business is an important source of revenue for farmers' association. Agents used to follow the ＂loan 5P＂ to examine each loan case. But due to the advances in society and the complexity of the economy, there are still many relevant factors to consider and analyze and they are the key strategic factors for the loan success and business performance. Through literature review and questionnaires, we obtained the following conclusions through empirical analysis: The most valued loan key strategic factors for questionnaire respondents on a personal level include ＂clients' years serviced or business hours,＂ ＂client profession,＂ ＂client loan type,＂ ＂loan duration＂ and ＂client tax information or business financial certificates.＂ The most valued loan key strategic factors on an organizational level include ＂brand image of farmers' association,＂ ＂operation limitations,＂ ＂accordance with government policy,＂ and ＂audit duration of loan cases.＂ There is a positive correlation between the loan strategic factors on a personal and organizational level. Gender and job title have apparent discrepancy for loan strategic factors on a personal level. Finally, we provide the following suggestions based on the conclusion: 1. Introduce appropriate risk management policies and develop employee risk management ability in order to create competitive advantage. 2. Appropriately modify loan audit policies in order to adapt to changes in business environment. 3. Regularly visit loan clients in order to keep track of those overdue in payment. 4. Create appropriate performance standards based on the most valued key strategic factors in this study in order to establish appropriate loan policies.