《金瓶梅》的身體感知──觀看、窺視、潛聽、噁心與快感的敘事意義

Physical Perception in Jin Ping Mei - The Narrative Meaning of Observation, Peeping, Eavesdropping, Disgusting and Pleasant Sensation

《金瓶梅》是一部充滿身體敘事的大著作。《金瓶梅》透過瑣碎的日常，細寫身體的各種感官知覺，也寫出西門家興起與崩壞的軌跡。在《金瓶梅》裡，往往可以透過觀看、偷窺及潛聽的場景以及人物行動，是展現西門家的日常生活以及人物彼此的關係及內心思惟。觀看、偷窺，表現了「視者」與「被視者」彼此之間的複雜關係──他們選擇的位置及觀看視角，代表著現實中的權力地位高下，或者是角色所處位置的利益衝突。《金瓶梅》四度寫元宵節，元宵節俗的特殊性與慶典的狂歡性，展現了公眾的狂歡向私領域靠攏，從觀看與被觀看的「視」的角度，探討《金瓶梅》全書所隱喻的興衰起落以及欲愛流動。關於觀看，龐春梅曾被要求站在西門慶與潘金蓮的欲愛現場，執壺凝視他們的歡愛，或者在葡萄架下看視西門慶以性愛獎勵或懲罰潘金蓮，這樣凝視的角度又隱含了作者批判的角度。此外，《金瓶梅》中有二次有關口腔變態又詭異的情節──西門慶讓女性為他吞尿飲精，這種噁心、荒誕又詭異的場景與性愛，充滿的荒誕、噁心及荒涼的身體書寫。本文從觀看、偷窺、潛聽、噁心與快感，討論《金瓶梅》裡身體感知、意象的呈現及其隱喻。

Jin Ping Mei is a great work of fiction which is full of narration about human body. Jin Ping Mei describes various sensory perception of human body in detail through trivial round of daily life, and it draws up the path of the emerging and destruction of Ximen Family. The scenes of observation, peeping and eavesdropping are all frequently seen plots in Jin Ping Mei, and the daily life of Ximen family is unfolded from them. The behaviors of observation and peeping represent the complicated relationship between 'the ones who see' and 'the ones who are seen'. The positions and the viewing angles they choose represent their status and power in real life or the interest conflicts among the positions of characters. Lantern Festival is described four times in Jin Ping Mei. The content of the customs and the revelry of the festival are thus moved from the revelry of the public to private spheres through the customs of watching and being watched at of Lantern Festival. The angles of 'seeing' show the metaphors of rising and falling as well as the flow of eroticism. In terms of observation, Pang Chunmei has been requested to stay at the erotic scene of Ximen Qing and Pan Jinlian to watch at their sexual interaction over wine-drinking, or to watch Ximen Qing's reward or punishment on Pan Jinlian under the grape arbor through sexual interaction. Such angle of observation also contains the criticism of the author. In addition, there are two perverted plots in Jin Ping Mei , in which Ximen Qing asks the female characters to drink his urine. This kind of disgusting, ridiculous and strange plots are linked to sexual interactions. Pan Jinlian and Ruyier both has drunk Ximen Qing's urine during sex, and this kind of writing of physical description of human body is full of ridiculous, disgusting and desolated meanings. The essay aims to discuss the physical perception, the presentation of image and its metaphor in Jin Ping Mei through the descriptions about observation, peeping, eavesdropping, disgusting and pleasant sensation.