中國大陸城鎮社區對外來人員之主觀態度研究

THE ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDES TOWARD NON-LOCAL RESIDENTS IN URBAN CHINA

本研究針對中國大陸城鎮社區對於外來人員在「生活便利」、「就業威脅」以及「公共服務壓力」等議題之主觀看法進行研究。數據資料來自2007年中國家庭收入調查之城鎮社區問卷結果，實證模型採用Ordered Probit模型。實證結果發現，城鎮社區對於外來人員形成的就業威脅感受，主要受到社區所處城市之人口密度以及外來人員在當地就業之聚集程度所影響。若社區所在城市之人口密度越高、或是外來人員聚集於同一企業工作，則社區感受到的就業威脅越大。而人口密度變數同樣加深了城鎮居民對於外來人員造成當地公共服務壓力之觀感。此外，當社區的外地人員比重越高，則當地居民越感受到外來人員帶來的公共服務壓力。然而，若社區中外來人員與城鎮居民的往來越密切，則城鎮社區越能夠感受到外來人員對於城市生活便利之幫助。

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the attitudes of the urban community towards non-local residents in China. An ordered-probit model is employed to estimate the community data drawn from the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) in 2007. The empirical results show that residents of urban communities with higher population density are more likely to feel that non-local residents increase labor market competition as well as pressure on local public services. Also, local residents are more likely to feel labor market competition when most of the non-local residents work in the same enterprise. However, if the non-local residents have more contacts with local residents, then local residents are more likely feel that non-local residents provide various services to urban residents and make urban life more convenient.