清代「論詞絕句」論賀鑄〈橫塘路〉詞探析

The Study and Analysis of the “Ci Poem Evaluation with Poems”in the Qing Dynastyupon He Zhu's Ci Poem “Heng-tang-lu”

本文析論李其永、孫爾準、錢陳群、汪孟鋗、厲鶚、王僧保、沈道寬、譚瑩、高旭、鄭方坤等十家論及或涉及賀鑄〈橫塘路〉詞之十一首論詞絕句。清代論詞絕句作者論賀鑄〈橫塘路〉詞，常鎔鑄該詞字句入詩，並揀擇淬練詞話、詞籍序跋、詞作評點之論點予以闡揚發明。歸納各家論述觀點，約有四端：煙雨興懷之共鳴迴響；涪翁讚語之紹述發揚；「梅雨」句法之探究申論；和作、名篇之較論評賞。各家觀點容或有異，然對〈橫塘路〉之讚揚則一，更由〈橫塘路〉一詞之探究，觸及賀鑄填詞之善於借鑒、別有寄託。總之，賀鑄〈橫塘路〉於北宋已負盛名，歷經清代論詞絕句作者之遞相詠讚，不僅經典名作地位更形確立，甚至成為清代江南詞壇之標竿。

This thesis is to analyze and discuss the eleven “ci poem evaluation with poems” of the ten writers --- Li Qi-yong, Sun Er-zhun, Qian Chen-qun, Wang Meng-xuan, LiI E, Wang Seng-bao, Shen Dao-kuan, Tan Ying, Gao Xu, and Zheng Fang-kun --- upon He Zhu's ci poem “Heng-tang-lu”. When the writers of the “ci poem evaluation with poems” in the Qing Dynasty discussed He Zhu's ci poem “Heng-tang-lu”, they usually combined the ci poem sentences into their poems. They also chose the viewpoints of the refined ci poem sentences, the prefaces and postscripts of ci poem collection, and the estimate of ci poem sentences for further explanation and development. To draw a conclusion from all writers' viewpoints, there were approximately four: the resonance and echo of the feeling about smoke and rain; the inheritance and development of Fu-weng's praise; the study and explanation of “plum rain” sentences; the comparison and appreciation of ci poems with the same rhymes and the famous ci poems. Their viewpoints might be different, but all their praise went to “Heng-tang-lu”. Through their study of “Heng-tang-lu”, they found that He Zhu was very good at making use of others' poems and giving them another particular meaning when he wrote his ci poems. In general, He Zhu's “Heng-tang-lu” was very famous in the North Song Dynasty. Through the continuous praise from the writers of “ci poem evaluation with poems” in the Qing Dynasty, its status of a classic masterpiece was confirmed. It even became the model among the circle of ci poets in the regions south of the Yangtze in the Qing Dynasty.