李白入永王幕之心態探究

A Research into Li Po's Mentality of Serving Yung-wang

李白詩作的藝術成就雖為後人所公認，卻也往往招致入世關懷不足的詬病。事實上，李白對國家社稷的關懷未曾有一刻稍減，他一生最大的志願是希望能藉從政而建功立業，這種心願的流露在他的作品中隨處可見。只是由於其浪漫性格而招致小人排擠，使得他的仕途一直未能順遂，這也造就了李白一生的悲劇性。安史之亂發生後肅宗在靈武即位，史載當時的永王李璘於江淮一帶「謀亂」，旋即兵敗，李白當時亦因投身永王幕下以致獲罪。論者或以此批評李白之為人，或為李白辯護而言其遭李璘脅迫，然多因論據不足而莫衷一是。由於李白生平資料有限，故其入永王幕之心態使顯得難以探究。本文籍還原歷史真相的方式，先對李璘謀亂一事分析前因後果以做出客觀評價後，再以李白作品為主要研究對象，試圖由其中找尋李白從入幕前至事敗被捕的心路歷程。本文作者希望以結合時代背景和文學作品的研究方式，對於李白入永王幕一事做出同情卻不失客觀合理的評價，更希望能藉此瞭解李白除了世人所知文人的浪漫性格外，更有中國傳統士人對圓家社稷一貫的使命感，從而更認識李白，以及其不朽之作。

Although the artistic achievements of Li Po's poetry are generally recognized by the later generations, they often incur the denunciation that he lacks the care for this world. In fact, Li Po's concern for the country and the society never subsided. All his life he had lofty aspiration to a career in politics and was eager to make memorial contributions to the state. This idea can be traced everywhere in his literary works. However, due to his romantic character, Li Po was excluded by villains who held the power in the government, and his official career was not successful. This brought forth his tragedy. After the Betrayal of An and Shih, Su-tsung ascent the throne in Ling-wu, while, according to the historical records, Yung-wang, Li Lin, was plotting a rebellion but was repressed immediately. Li Po was also found guilty as he was in the service of Yung-wang at that time. This leads to some criticism of Li Po's personality and loyalty, and some defences of Li Po that he was forced by Li Lin to do his bidding. Nevertheless, there are so many controversial views which bear insufficient evidence that it is difficult to decide which is right. It is not easy to do a research into Li Po's mentality of serving Yung-wang, for the records about Li Po's life are deficient. This text tries to trace the historical facts to make an objective analysis and evaluation on the cause and effect of the rebellion of Li Lin, and to conduct a study mainly on Li Po's literary works to find out Li Po's mentality during the process from serving Yung-wang to being arrested. I hope to combine the study on historical background and on the literary works to make a sympathetic but rational and unbiased criticism of Li Po's service for Yung-wang. From this study, in addition to Li Po's romantic character as a poet, as known by most people, we can further acknowledge his sense of responsibility of serving the state, as found on the most of the traditional literati and officialdom in ancient China. Hence, we can gain a deeper insight into Li Po and his immortal works as well.