閱讀女性˙女性閱讀－－沈善寶《名媛詩話》的女性建構

Reading Female/ Female Reading: The Construct of Women in Shen Shanbao's Mingyuan shihua

清代女作家沈善寶《名媛詩話》是清代最為完整的女性詩話專著。本文援用「女性閱讀」的概念，指出著者閱讀經驗與其鮮明的性別意識以及豐富的生命經驗相呼應，進而探討其對女性的建構。首先揭示《名媛詩話》建立女性文學場域的意義，在於串聯了女性作家的譜系，並展現了女作家書寫的力量。其次分別探論其所呈現之女性共同的處境與命運、別具襟懷器識的女性圖譜，以及遵守婦德闡揚女教的女宗典範。沈善寶全面肯定女作家的作品，建構了才、識、德三者皆備的理想女性。不但建構了清代女性自己的文學體系，也呈現了女性在蛻變的里程中她們自己的面貌。

Mingyuan shihua (Remarks on Poetry by Notable Women) by Shen Shanbao, women poet and writer of the Qing dynasty, is the most complete shihua by women poets of the Qing dynasty. Following the lead of the concept of ‘Female Reading,’ this paper indicates that Shen Shanbao's personal reading experiences are consistent with her gender identity as well as her life experience, which underpins Shen's Female Formation. The study claims that Mingyuan shihua establishes a female literary field, which brings women writers into recognizable lineages of writing, and demonstrates their writing power. It then explores Shen's shihua in terms of the followings: the shared fate and life situation of women , the portraits of women with special moral and intellectual capacities, and the paragons of women who obey teachings of female virtues and propagate female education. Shen Shanbao fully appreciates women writer's work, thereby constructing an ideal image of women who are equipped with talent, knowledge and virtue. She establishes for women of the Qing dynasty a literary system of their own, and displays the features of women in the process of their transformations.