羌語的空間範疇

Spatial Relations in the Qiang Language

本文以 Levinson 的空間框架來分析榮紅羌語所呈現有關空間的認知範疇，論證格助詞反映三個範疇（以 -tɑ/-lɑ, -ʁɑ, -wu 來標記；除了 -wu 的用法有點類似漢語的「由」以外，不等同於漢語所反映的空間範疇）；羌語空間概念中沒有「東南西北」這樣的絕對參照框架，只有以地理位置（山、水、平臺）特徵為基礎的絕對參照框架；所謂「前」、「後」跟漢語不一樣，所用的詞分別反映內在參照框架和相對（指示）參照框架之分。

This paper describes and analyzes topological space and frames of reference in the Qiang language (Tibeto-Burman; Sichuan Province, China) within the framework of Levinson (2003) and Levinson & Wilkins (2006b). Locative postpositions form a three-way division of space, and locative-existential verbs reflect animacy and the relationship figure and ground. Unlike Chinese and English, Qiang frames of reference are not absolute, but relative to geographical features (e.g. mountain, ravine, river) and culture elements.