香港粵語雙音節狀貌後綴的音韻特色

Phonology of Disyllabic Ideophonic Suffix in Hong Kong Cantonese

狀貌詞是一種生動地以語音直接表義的詞類(Doke 1935)。在香港粵語中，大部分狀貌詞由雙音節狀貌後綴附上詞根構成，例如「紅(hung4) bokl bokl」。本文收集了現今通用的138例為語料，在以下 四方面探討香港粵語雙音節狀貌後綴的音韻特色：(1)展示狀貌後綴不同的重疊形式，探討完全重疊演化為各類部分重疊的音變規律，並藉此還原出一些狀貌後綴其已消失的完全重疊形態；(2)描述狀貌後 綴的聲調和音素使用特性，並由此帶出狀貌後綴超出廣州話一般語音組合法的獨特音節；(3)探索狀貌後綴的語音象徵性，證明其音頻高低聯繫到體積大小和褒眨色彩的意義上；(4)綜合以上得出的音韻特 色，探討狀貌後綴所經歷的語法化過程。

An ideophone is 'a vivid representation of an idea in sound' (Doke 1935). In Hong Kong Cantonese, an ideophone is typically comprised of a disyllabic ideophonic suffix (DIS) and a root, such as hung4 (red) boklbokl. The present study aims to explore phonological characteristics of DISs in Hong Kong Cantonese in the following four aspects, with 138 collected examples of ideophones in current use. (1) Reduplicative patterns of DISs are demonstrated. Rules of phonetic changes that make full reduplication evolves into different kinds of partial reduplication are discussed, from which some obsolete full reduplication forms are deduced. (2) Syllables of DISs that violate Cantonese phonotactics are presented with DISs' tone and phoneme preferences. (3) Sound symbolism of DISs is explored. It is found that the concept of size and the commendatory or derogatory sense are connected with the acoustic frequency. (4) In addition, based on the phonological characteristics of DISs concluded in the above sections, the grammaticalization process of DISs is discussed.