詞性與語義限制對詞彙歧義解困的影響：中文歧義詞處理的眼動研究

The Influence of Syntactic Category and Semantic Constraints on Lexical Ambiguity Resolution: An Eye Movement Study of Processing Chinese Homographs

本研究的目的有二：（一）檢驗詞性限制能否決定中文詞類歧義詞的語義解困；（二）檢驗中文歧義詞語義的詞性是否會影響次要語義偏向效應(subordinate-biased effect)。實驗中將四種不同類型(NN, VV, VN, NV)的中文非均勢同形異義詞(biased homograph)置於語法及語義皆偏向次要語義的句子裡，每個歧義詞皆搭配一個詞頻相當的單義詞，置於相同的句型作為控制，並使用眼動儀記錄受試者閱讀句子的眼動表現。實驗結果發現：（一）四種類型的歧義詞之次要語義偏向效應只反映在目標詞後區域的二次閱讀指標上；（二）就效果量而言，NV歧義詞的次要語義偏向效應在目標詞與目標詞後兩個區域，皆比VN歧義詞來得大。整體而言，本研究結果顯示，詞性限制並不是 影響中文詞類歧義詞語義解困的唯一因素，此結果支持制約滿足模型(constraint-satisfaction models)，並不符合句法優先模型(syntax-first models)的預測。

The purpose of the present study is twofold: (1) To examine whether the syntactic category constraint can determine the semantic resolution of Chinese syntactic category ambiguous words; and (2) to investigate whether the syntactic category of alternative meanings of Chinese homographs can influence the subordinate bias effect (SBE) during lexical ambiguity resolution. In the present study, four types of Chinese biased homographs (NN, VV, VN, and NV) were embedded into syntactically and semantically subordinate-biased sentences. Each homograph was assigned a frequency-matched unambiguous word as control, which could fit into the same sentence frame. Participants' eye movements were recorded as they read each sentence. In general, the results showed that in a subordinate-biased context, (1) the SBE for the four types of homograph was significant only in the second-pass reading on the post-target words and (2) numerically, the NV homographs revealed a larger effect size of SBE than VN homographs on both target and post-target words. Our findings support the constraint-satisfaction models, suggesting that the syntactic category constraint is not the only factor influencing the semantic resolution of syntactic category ambiguous words, which is opposed to the prediction of the syntax-first models.