雙主語構造下韓語形容詞謂語的實證研究

An Empirical Study of Korean Adjectival Predicates that License Double Nominative Constructions

基於 6,600 條韓語形容詞，本研究將雙主語構造區分為謂語獨立雙主語和交流獨立雙主語兩種類型。謂語獨立雙主語中兩主語是形容詞謂語的實質論元。交流獨立雙主語中的任一主語都與論元結構不相關，但他們或者是由分離論元產生或者在交流中被新近引入。6,600 個形容詞中的 30% 允許謂語獨立雙主語。依照句法和語義，謂語獨立雙主語被分為五個子類型。交流獨立雙主語則可分為四個子類型，這些類型展示了不同於謂語獨立雙主語的各種語義和依據造詞法的特性。

Despite the numerous studies proposed to explain double nominative constructions (DNCs) in Korean, empirical approaches to the predicate types that license their essential complements for conversion into nominatives have attracted little attention from scholars. However, given that, from syntactic and semantic viewpoints, the DNCs result from diverse and complex linguistic realities, a rigorous examination of the predicate types is required before attempting to elaborate theoretical assumptions further. Based on a large database of 6,600 Korean adjectives, this study distinguishes two types of DNCs: Predicate-Dependent DNCs (PD-DNCs), where the two nominatives are essential arguments of the adjectival predicates; and Discourse-Dependent DNCs (DD-DNCs), where one of the two nominatives is not related to the argument structures, but either is generated by the split of one argument or is newly introduced at the discourse level. About 30% of the 6,600 adjectives license PD-DNCs. On this basis, the current study provides two findings on PD-DNCs. First, adjectives licensing PD-DNCs are classified into five syntactic and semantic sub-types, the predominant complement type that is convertible into a nominative being that in -EY. Second, the adjectives licensing their complements for conversion into nominatives mostly show certain peculiar syntactic properties: most of them permit two syntactic constructions in a subject-complement crossing (SCC) relation like ‘N1-NOM N2-POS ADJ-DEC = N2-NOM N1-POS ADJ-DEC’. With regard to DD-DNCs, in this study the DNCs are divided into four sub-types, which exhibit various semantic and syntactic properties that are distinct from those of PD-DNCs.