以數詞為基礎的南島語分類及鄒群支存在的辯證

In Defense of the Numeral-based Model of Austronesian Phylogeny, and of Tsouic

針對 Malcolm Ross 在《語言暨語言學》13.6 (2012) 關於沙加爾 (2004) 的以數詞為基礎的南島語系演化樹的不同意見，筆者做出了相應的回答。本文還批評了 Ross 對早期南島語數詞發展的解釋，指出它既不能解釋數詞當中的特殊語音現象，又不能解釋數詞同語線中的嵌套狀況。最後，本文證明了與 Ross 演化樹直接發生衝突的魯凱－－鄒語支是實際存在的。

This paper responds to all of Malcolm Ross’s criticisms, published in Language and Linguistics 13.6 (2012), of Sagart’s numeral-based model of Austronesian phylogeny (Sagart 2004). It shows that a part of these criticisms is addressed to an invented version of Sagart’s model, while another appeals to questionable principles. It points out various errors of fact and interpretation. It also criticizes Ross’s own account of the evolution of early Austronesian numerals, showing that it has little explanatory power, fails to account for phonological irregularities, and cannot explain the observed nesting pattern among numeral isoglosses. Finally, this paper shows that Tsouic, a Formosan subgroup which contradicts Ross’s phylogeny, is valid.