海南閩語之情態系統

The Modal System in Hainan Min

本文探討海南閩語情態結構之特點。語料主要蒐集自田野調查。本文首先提出四類情態詞，包含認知類、義務類、情境類及意欲類。此外，探討情態詞共現時，不同情態詞之間的階層關係。海南閩語之階層是：認知類＞義務類＞動力類。本文也討論了情態詞與否定詞之間的語意關係。當否定與情態共現時，海南閩語之否定範圍都大於情態範圍。

This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data collected through fieldwork). The lexical items are firstly presented in four categories of modal types, including epistemic, deontic, circumstantial and bouletic modals. The modal hierarchy is built upon data with multiple modals: epistemic > deontic > dynamic. The last part of the paper introduces the negative modal forms in Hainan Min. The scopal interaction between negation and modals is also discussed. The negation always scopes over modals.