南寧地區語言「去」義語素的語法化與接觸引發的「複製」

The Morpheme GO in Three Languages of the Nanning Region: Paths of Grammaticalization and Contact-induced ‘Replication’

本文的撰作，有三個目的：（一）準確描述「去」(GO) 義語素在廣西南寧地區三種語言（南寧粵語、賓陽平話和武鳴壯語）中的詞彙功能和語法功能，包括典型的趨向動詞、趨向補語和動相補語，以及前人甚少觸及的程度事態助詞和使令事態助詞等；（二）重構上述語言中「去」義語素的語法化路徑。我們認為，「去」義語素在充當實詞時已經包含兩、三個義位，而那些義位又採取了不完全相同的語法化方向，「去」義語素的語法化路徑也因此特別複雜；（三）指出三種語言之所以有高度平行的語法化路徑，是語言接觸的結果。具體來說，那是「接觸引發的語法化」的例子。在接觸的過程中，壯語是模式語，粵語和平話是複製語。

This paper discusses contact-induced grammaticalization, as exemplified by the case of the morpheme GO in three languages of the Nanning region of Southwest China (i.e. Nanning Yue [Sinitic], Binyang Pinghua [Sinitic] and Wuming Zhuang [Tai-Kadai]). In tracing the grammaticalization paths of GO in the three languages, it became clear that: a) the grammaticalization paths of GO in the three languages are particularly complex because of the morpheme’s multiple lexical origins; and b) the parallelism observed in the grammaticalization paths of GO in the three languages could have been the result of language contact, in which case Zhuang serves as a model for Yue and Pinghua.