析論越南漢字音魚虞分韻的歷史層次

Discussion on the Phonological Strata of Sino-Vietnamese as Reflected in the Distinction between Rhymes Yu （魚） and Yu （虞）

越南漢字音魚、虞有別的現象，分布於不同的音韻層次。本文整理越南漢字音魚、虞韻的多種異讀，參照漢語和越南語音韻史的構擬，並與吳、閩、贛等漢語方言的分層結果作比較，以聲母與韻母的結合分層條件，分析出兩個歷史層次。層次一移借自中古早期南方的金陵《切韻》音系；層次二是越南漢字音的主體層，移借自中古晚期漢語，有較多變體。不論是層次一或二，魚、虞韻皆不相混。本文還發現，主體層的魚、虞、模讀音各異，實際上是越南語調整之後的結果，並非《切韻》魚、虞、模三分的反映。

The distinction between rhymes Yu (魚) and Yu (虞) is preserved in different layers of phonological strata of Sino-Vietnamese. This paper examines the multiple correspondences between rhymes Yu (魚) and Yu (虞) in Sino-Vietnamese by comparing with current research results on Chinese and Vietnamese diachronic phonology and the strata reconstructed from Chinese dialects as Wu, Min, and Gan. Utilizing integrated criteria on both initial and rhyme, two layers of phonological strata are analyzed. The first layer is borrowed from Jinling Qieyun (金陵切韻) of Early Middle Chinese, and the second layer is the main stratum of Sino- Vietnamese borrowed from Late Middle Chinese, which has more variations. It is found that the distinction between rhymes Yu (魚) and Yu (虞) is always clear no matter in the first or the second layer. It is also found that the distinction between rhymes Yu (魚), Yu (虞), and Mo (模) in the main stratum of Sino-Vietnamese is the result of self-adjustment and not the preservation of Qieyun (切韻).