台灣閩南語情態詞「通」的語義句法屬性：存在、否定、情態、語氣的互動

Semantic and Syntactic Properties of thang1 in Taiwanese Southern Min: Interaction between Existence, Negation, Modality and Mood

本文探討台灣閩南語六類構式中情態詞「通」的語義句法屬性。「通」可緊接在〔「有」／「無」〕v+NP 之後出現充當非根句中的外在動力情態詞，「有」／「無」的名詞賓語可以因信息新舊的要求隱而不現，如此一來「有」／「無」直接帶「通」就可能由動詞轉變為副詞。「通」可以出現於根句的 VP 之後，用來引領表示目的的子句補語，也可再接其他情態詞或指示助詞，形成疊置的複合功能詞。自主性否定詞「毋」和光桿動詞結合，必須由義務情態詞「通」中介才能形成否定祈使式。在反詰問句中「通」常出現於表原因的疑問詞階層之下起橋樑的作用，此外「通」也出現於條件句的附屬或主要子句中。「通」出現在六種構式和不同的階層位置中，反映出存在、否定、情態、語氣之間的互動關係。

This paper aims at teasing out the semantic and syntactic properties of thang1 in six kinds of constructions. Thang1 can occur as a circumstantial modal immediately after [u7/bo5]v + NP in non-root clauses. When the NP is made implicit due to the constraint of information structure, u7/ bo5 may be changed into adverbs as adjuncts to root clauses featuring the modal thang1. Thang1 as a modal can head a purpose clause as a complement of the root clause and form a modal stacking with other modals. Thang1 is an important pivot to mediate the merger of the volitional negator m7 and bare verbs in the formation of negative imperatives. The hierarchically lower position of thang1 than why WH-words na2 and thai2 may be related to the induced interpretation of rhetorical questions. Thang1 can also occur in conditionals. We can see the interaction between existence, negation, modality and mood in the occurrence of thang1 in these six constructions and its positions in the hierarchical structure of functional categories.