多義感官動詞「看」義項之認知研究

A Cognitive Study of the Senses of the Chinese Polysemous Verb ‘kan’

一詞多義 (polysemy) 為單一語言形式具有之一組具相關性及區別性的義項。本文以歐德芬 (2013)建立之多義詞獨立義項界定平台析出之多義詞「看」七個義項為依據，重新從認知語言學的角度探究「看」七個獨立義項是否具關聯性與區別性。感官動詞「看」具七個義項，其特別之處為義項反映觀看感知動作之連續過程，七個義項包含生理觀看動作義、次第延伸出之心理狀態義及心智判斷義。本文欲以體現認知現實性之隱喻映射及轉喻映射探究「看」義項間之關聯性及連綿性，更欲分析「看」義項之個別意象以確認義項確具區別性，最後亦以「看」的意象探究義項展現之主觀性。本文認為除了從多義詞表層的語義、句法及概念闡述現象界定多義詞具區別性的獨立義項之外，亦應以認知的角度檢驗多義詞獨立義項之區別性及關聯性，以確認多義詞實具有一組具關聯性及區別性的義項。

Polysemy refers to the grouping of related but distinct senses of a single lexical item. Cognitive semantics applies metonymic mappings, metaphorical mappings and image schemas within the conceptual system to explain the relationship among senses. Since seven different senses of the Chinese perception verb ‘kan’ have been identified, the main goal of this paper is to explore the relatedness and distinction in the linguistic categorizations of polysemy through an analysis of the senses of ‘kan’. The results of this study show that the metonymic and metaphorical mappings within the conceptual system explain the relatedness among the seven senses of ‘kan’, and a continuum does exist in the processes among these senses. Moreover, these seven senses have their own unique images and some senses even exhibit subjectivity, and that manifests the distinction among these senses of ‘kan’ as well. This paper employs a complete cognitive framework to explore the cognitive reality of the senses of ‘kan’, and demonstrates that ‘kan’ does indeed possess seven related but distinct senses.