重慶方言單字調的共時變異

The Tone Variation of Chongqing Dialect

本文從語言接觸的角度，具體來說，從重慶主城區的方言與普通話接觸的考察視角，對漢語官話區重慶方言單字調的共時變異狀況進行研究。對53 位重慶方言發音人從性別、年齡兩方面進行了分組統計分析，綜合考察單字調的音高和音長差異。研究結果表明：音高上，不同性別差異不顯著，從不同年齡來看，四個調基本都呈現出50 歲以上年齡段聲調曲線位於各個調的調域最上方，20-29 歲年齡段位於最下方，30-49 歲年齡段居中；隨著年齡降低，陰平調的“升＂特徵及上聲調頭的“凸＂形特徵得到突顯；調長上，雖然四個調之間差異顯著，但是不同性別與年齡段之間差異較小。我們發現，在大力推廣普通話政策下，與以往很多研究發現不同的是，重慶方言單字調的共時變異有背離普通話的現象。

Based on the acoustic experimental data from 53 subjects, we report the tone variation of Chongqing Mandarin from the perspective of dialect contact in this paper. The comprehensive analysis of both the pitch and duration illustrate the difference in the citation tones. Our results show that pitch is greatly impacted by age but not by gender. The tone curve is located on the top of the tone register in the group of aged over 50 years, at the bottom in the group of aged 20-29 years whilst the tone curve is at the middle in the group aged 30-49 years, who is the transition between the younger and older groups. As the age of subjects decreases, the rising trend of T1 (yinping) gradually increases and the register of T3 (shangsheng) gradually reduces, which indicates that whilst the maximal limit of register declined gradually, the convex contour in the beginning of T3 becomes more significant. The duration of tones is not affected either by gender nor age. Our data has some possible implications for the sociophonetic perspective in tone studies. The Standard Chinese has played a vital role in communication, which makes it possible that most of changes in Chinese dialects are those that are facilitating a movement towards it. However, our research on the tone variation of Chongqing Mandarin illustrates a possible deviating trend.